IntroductionFatty liver disease is prevalent in populations with high caloric intake. Nutritherapeutic approaches are being considered, such as supplementary Vitamin D3, to improve aspects of metabolic syndrome, namely fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance associated with obesity.MethodsWe analyzed female LDLR−/− and LDLR+/+ mice on a 10‐week diabetogenic diet for markers of fatty liver disease, metabolic strain, and inflammation.ResultsThe groups on a high fat high sugar diet with supplementary Vitamin D3, in comparison with the groups on a high fat high sugar diet alone, showed improved transaminase levels, significantly less hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia, and histologically, there was less pericentral hepatic steatosis. Levels of non‐esterified fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products were significantly lower in the group supplemented with additional Vitamin D3, as were systemic markers of inflammation (serum endotoxin and IL‐6). M2 macrophage phenotype predominated in the group supplemented with additional Vitamin D3. Beneficial changes were observed as early as five weeks’ supplementation with Vitamin D3 and extended to restoration of high fat high sugar diet induced decrease of bone mineral density.ConclusionIn summary, Vitamin D3 was a significantly beneficial dietary additive to blunt a prediabetic phenotype in diet‐induced obesity of female LDLR−/− and LDLR+/+ mice.

Background and objects: In systemic lupus erythematosus, circulating immune complexes activate complement and, when trapped in renal capillaries, cause glomerulonephritis. Mouse models have been used in the preclinical assessment of targeting complement activation pathways to manage chronic inflammation in lupus. Properdin is the only known positive regulator of complement activation, but its role in the severity of lupus nephritis has not been studied yet. Materials and Methods: Fully characterized properdin-deficient mice were crossed with lupus prone MRL/lpr mice on C57Bl/6 background. Results: Compared to MRL/lpr properdin wildtype mice, MRL/lpr properdin-deficient mice had significantly lower anti-DNA antibody titres, TNFα and BAFF levels in serum. The qualitative glomerulonephritic score was less severe and there was significantly less serum creatinine in MRL/lpr properdin-deficient mice compared to MRL/lpr properdin wildtype littermate mice. Conclusion: Properdin plays a significant role in the severity of lupus overall and specifically in the extent of glomerulonephritis observed in MRL/lpr mice. Because MRL/lpr properdin-deficient mice had lower levels of anti-DNA antibodies, inflammatory mediators and markers of renal impairment, the study implies that properdin could constitute a novel therapy target in lupus disease.

Almost all of the deaths happening under the age of 5 occur in the developed countries of Africa and Asia. This study included children admitted to the surgical care, aged 6 months to 5 years, who suffered from acute gastroenteritis and received treatment at Samawah, Iraq, from December 2018 to December 2019. Test results detected different types of rotaviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses using ELISA. 56.6% of the infections were attributed to a viral pathogen. The main cause was attributed to rotavirus and adenovirus. The causative agents of diarrheal diseases in 28.1% of cases are rotaviruses, in 17.05% – adenoviruses, in 11.43% – astroviruses. Viral mono-infections are detected more often than mixed infections. Viral intestinal infections are characterized by seasonality and rise in the cold season, with a peak incidence of rotavirus infection in April, adenovirus infection in November, and astrovirus infection in December.

endeavors to appraise the sign of invigorated pointers CD4 and CD2 in patients tainted with HCV and evaluation of gamma - INF and IL-10 in serum positions in patients with intense HCV and intense typhoid fever An aggregate of (100) seropositive patients for HCV and 100 seropositive for typhoid fever were evaluated for this investigation .Patients went to general lab., in view of stomach torment , jaundice and loss of hunger and other liver grumbling, any serum tests communicated positive for against HCV antibodies and widal test straightforwardly choosed to show level of gamma - INF and IL-10 in serum of patient and show articulation of CD4 and CD2 in blood of HCV patients and typhoid patients. Results showed that serum tests were examined for IL-10 and gamma - INF by ELISA , showed profoundly huge increments (p<0.001) in serum level of HCV and typhoid patients as contrasted and sound benchmark groups , Actuated markers study uncovered high articulation of CD4 and CD2 in HCV and typhoid patients as contrasted and solid typical gatherings.

The experimental studies of Aluminum Phosphide (AP) poisoning in rats revealed several clinical and pathological signs such as hemorrhage, sinusoidal dilatation, bile stasis, centrilobular necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, infiltration by mononuclear cells, and fatty infiltration in the liver tissues. This paper aimed to show the impact of carrots on the toxic effect of AP on the livers of adult rats (female). To investigate some biochemical and histopathological changes effects of AP in rats, sixty white female rats were equally divided into four groups, the first group (G1) was administered orally with 3mg/kg/ body weight of AP, the second group (G2) was orally treated with AP and 10% carrot extract at the same time. The third group (G3) administrated 10% carrot extract only. The fourth (G4) group was the negative control and was treated with distilled water only. The experiments continued for a month at the animal house of the Veterinary Medicine College of Baghdad University. The results revealed that high levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin were induced in G1 with decreasing total protein levels. The pathological examination revealed the presence of marked proliferation of Kupffer cells in G1 livers. However, the G2 group showed slight infiltration of lymphocytes in sinusoids. The pathological changes in the livers of G3 group showed slight cloudy swelling in hepatocytes compared with the normal texture of hepatocytes in G4. The data of this experiment showed that treatment with carrot extract significantly decreases the elevation in the level of liver function enzymes in animal poisoned with AP. In addition, treatment with carrot extract reduces the severe damage in the hepatic tissue that occurred in rats treated with AP only. In general, it could be concluded that treatment with carrot extract provides a remedial effect against the hepatotoxicity that is resulted from exposure to AP.

Endeavors to appraise the sign of invigorated pointers CD4 and CD2 in patients tainted with HCV and evaluation of gamma - INF and IL-10 in serum positions in patients with intense HCV and intense typhoid fever An aggregate of (100) seropositive patients for HCV and 100 seropositive for typhoid fever were evaluated for this investigation .Patients went to general lab., in view of stomach torment , jaundice and loss of hunger and other liver grumbling, any serum tests communicated positive for against HCV antibodies and widal test straightforwardly choosed to show level of gamma - INF and IL-10 in serum of patient and show articulation of CD4 and CD2 in blood of HCV patients and typhoid patients. Results showed that serum tests were examined for IL-10 and gamma - INF by ELISA , showed profoundly huge increments (p<0.001) in serum level of HCV and typhoid patients as contrasted and sound benchmark groups , Actuated markers study uncovered high articulation of CD4 and CD2 in HCV and typhoid patients as contrasted and solid typical gatherings.

There is concern that an individual may contract COVID-19 twice, either as a result of being a viral carrier that was not entirely cleared from the body in the first instance or as a result of reinfection. The recurrent infection may be qRT-PCR positive, which must be distinguished from post-COVID-19 symptoms that are qRT-PCR negative. Although it is known that recovered patients of viral diseases can be immune for the next infection, recurrent infections of COVID-19 have been recorded in Brazilian healthcare workers. We report a case of recurrent COVID-19 infection in a 34-year-old man working in the Gynecology and Children Hospital in Al-Muthanna Province, south of Iraq. The patient suffered from a sharp and noticeable rise in the body temperature at 39 ºC and cough on the 16th of July 2020. Then, the patient was symptomized with another course of COVID-19 on the 27th of August 2020, which was contracted from the patient’s workmate. Nose swab PCR test and CT scan were performed to confirm the second infection. The clinical signs of repeated infection with coronavirus were obviously less than the first infection of the same patient. It is clear that the first infection symptoms of COVID-19 are more severe than the signs of recurrent disease.

High concentrations of prolactin (PRL) during the lactation period have an essential role in milk production by mammary glands stimulation. PRL may have an impact on calcium regulation and bone mineral density. We investigated if the PRL concentration during the lactation period could influence osteoclast (OC)  activation and bone mineral density (BMD). In vivo, the Calcium Detection Assay, and ELISA were used to detect serum calcium, PRL, and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. BMD was evaluated by µ-CT in six months old female mice during lactation. The osteoclast (OC) activity was detected by Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). In vitro, osteoclast differentiation, resorption and their activity markers TRAP, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), Cathepsin K (CTSK), C-reactive protein (CRP), Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (RANK) and inflammatory cytokines were measured in osteoclasts stimulated with recombinant prolactin protein (rPRL) or with an anti-prolactin blocker. We found that serum calcium, PRL, and inflammatory markers were increased. BMD was significantly reduced in lactating mice; TRAP activity was increased and tubercular was reduced in lactating mice compared to normal mice. In vitro, the osteoclast number, resorption, and activation markers TRAP, MMP-9, CTSK, CRP, and RANK were significantly increased after treatment with rPRL protein, but not in osteoclasts treated with anti-prolactin receptor antibody and rPRL. The gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) but not IL-1b were significantly increased in osteoclasts with PRL treatment compared to the untreated osteoclasts. Taken together, the high level of PRL could activate osteoclasts and proinflammatory cytokines expression which reduce BMD in the lactation period.