Objective:Evidence suggests that various diseases may contribute to the circular RNAs (circRNAs) expression disorder. This review was aimed at looking for appropriate biomarkers for the treatment of diseases.Data sources:The comprehensive search used online literature databases including PubMed of National Center for Biotechnology Information and Web of Science.Study selection:The study selection was based on the following keywords: circRNAs, biogenesis, biologic function, and disease. The time limit for literature retrieval was from the year 1976 to 2019, with language restriction in English. Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type.Results:CircRNAs are one of the critical non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are covalently closed continuous loops that do not possess 5′ and 3′ ends. This makes them resistant to exoribonuclease activity and potentially more stable than their cognate linear transcripts, thus making them ideal candidates for biomarker development. Due to the stable and extensive tissue-specific expression of circRNAs, they can function as microRNA sponges and bind to RNA-binding proteins, regulate transcription and splicing, and translate into proteins to participate in the regulation of physiologic and pathologic processes. Moreover, the expression disorders of circRNAs in diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, make them have potential applications for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.Conclusions:Changes in circRNA expression profiles related to various diseases, and circRNAs often exhibit low expression in cancer tissues. In addition, circRNAs can be detected in patient's body fluids to indicate that circRNAs are effective biomarkers for disease diagnosis. These characteristics make circRNAs have potential applications as novel therapeutic targets for diseases.

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Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), a type I heme peroxidase, catalyzes oxidation of ascorbic acid. It possesses a high degree of specificity to ascorbic acid. APX gene cluster consists of four sub-clusters: the gene clusters of cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondria, and peroxidase. As a key component of hydrogen peroxide detoxification system, the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, APX plays a vital role in the metabolism of H2O2 of plant cells. Studies showed that APX is one of the most important enzymes, which modulate the cellular H2O2 level in redox signaling system. The expression mechanisms of APX isoenzymes are quite complex. Briefly, cytosolic APX is regulated by a variety of signals; two chloroplastic APX isoenzymes are tissue-dependently regulated by alternative splicing. Generated APXs could regulate redox signaling in cells, which further boosts plants tolerance to abiotic stresses. This review focuses on recent advances concerning catalytic prop-erties, physiological function, and gene expressing regulation and abio-stress responding mechanism of APX.

In this study, we proved that subglottic location, advanced tumor stage, especially T4 stage, and preoperative tracheostomy were risk factors for SRAL for larynx cancer. However, many other potential risk factors, such as surgical margins, could not be determined for inadequate records. Hence, more prospective trials should be designed to determine the risk factors for SRAL for larynx cancer.

This article investigates the maximum spreading of ferrofluid droplets impacting on a hydrophobic surface under nonuniform magnetic fields. A generalized model for scaling the maximum spreading is developed. It is observed that, if the magnetic field strength is zero, a ferrofluid droplet not only demonstrates similar spreading dynamics as the water droplet but also obeys the same scaling law for the maximum spreading factor. Therefore, this article emphasizes the effects of magnetic field strength. In this regard, a dimensionless parameter (N m ) is introduced as the ratio between inertial force and Kelvin force, with an assumption that the kinetic energy mainly transforms to thermal energy. This parameter allows us to rescale all experimental data on a single curve with the Padeá pproximant, which is applicable to a wide range of impact velocities and magnetic field strengths.