Purpose -This paper aims to take stock and to increase understanding of the opportunities and threats for policing in ten European countries in the Political, Economic, Social, Technological and Legal (PESTL) environment. Design/methodology/approach -This study is part of the large EU-funded COMPOSITE project into organisational change. A PESTL analysis was executed to produce the environmental scan that will serve as a platform for further research into change management within the police. The findings are based on structured interviews with police officers of 17 different police forces and knowledgeable externals in ten European countries. The sampling strategy was optimized for representativeness under the binding capacity constraints defined by the COMPOSITE research budget. Findings -European police forces face a long list of environmental changes that can be grouped in the five PESTL clusters with a common denominator. There is also quite some overlap as to both the importance and nature of the key PESTL trends across the ten countries, suggesting convergence in Europe.Originality/value -A study of this magnitude has not been seen before in Europe, which brings new insights to the target population of police forces across Europe. Moreover, policing is an interesting field to study from the perspective of organisational change, featuring a high incidence of change in combination with a wide variety of change challenges, such as those related to identity and leadership.
The globalisation of crime means there is an increasingly vital need for effective sharing of knowledge by police organisations across international borders. However, identifying the complexities and challenges of this aspect of international collaboration has been relatively neglected in previous research. The research reported in this paper therefore set out to identify the major barriers and facilitators of international knowledge sharing. Research teams in ten European countries produced ten case studies of knowledge sharing across borders, either involving direct cooperation between police forces in different countries or through international agencies such as CEPOL or INTERPOL. The integrative findings showed that the major influences on knowledge sharing could be theoretically categorised in terms of organisational factors (e.g. technological and staff capabilities), inter-organisational factors (e.g. quality of relationships, shared visions and systems), inter-country factors (e.g. bilateral conventions, legislation) and knowledge characteristics (e.g. clarity, legal sensitivity). Practical implications include standardising technology systems across countries, improving interorganisational trust through exchanges and physical co-working, developing police members' knowledge and skills with regards to collaborative working and creating joint agreements and visions. Research implications highlighted the need to test the findings in non-European contexts and to comparatively focus on specific types of collaboration.
REGULI, Z.; BERNACIKOVÁ, M. & KUMSTÁT, M.Anthropometric characteristics and body composition in aikido practitioners. Int. J. Morphol., 34(2):417-423, 2016. SUMMARY:Although aikido is a non-competitive martial art, it is recognised by SportAccord as worldwide practiced combat sport. There is a lack of scientific research in aikido and the influence of aikido practice on the human body is not known. This is the first study that presents anthropometric characteristics and body composition data in aikido practitioners. 33 adult male aikido athletes (age 36.5±9.6 years, height 178±8 cm, weight 81.2±10.1 kg) were measured. All subjects were divided from beginner to intermediate and advanced group, and were recruited from the Czech Aikido Federation which is officially recognised by the centre of aikido in Japan. As main methods, bio impedance and skinfold measurements were realized. In aikido, body composition does not play an important role compared to other martial arts. Average values are similar to reference of non-athlete population (BMI 25.6±2.7 kg/m, BF 17.18±5.18 %, FFM 65.71±7.69 kg, BSA 1.98±0.15 m 2 ). Even though, aikido has positive effects on body composition, it does not have a high impact. Thus, aikido players should also gain benefits from other aspects of martial arts.
Pády u starších osob jsou v současné době celosvětově považovány za závažný problém veřejného zdraví. Jedna z hlavních příčin pádů je snížení schopnosti rychlé adaptace na měnící se podmínky. Pád je vždy zapříčiněn komplexní interakcí vnějších a vnitřních faktorů. Pády seniorů často způsobují poranění vyžadující dlouhodobé, složité a nákladné léčení. I v případě, že při pádu nedojde k úrazu, dochází k omezení hybnosti ze strachu z dalšího pádu. Zdravotnická zařízení, pečovatelské domy a další instituce se zabývají prevencí pádů. Na problematiku prevence pádů a zlepšení posturální stability je zaměřena mezinárodní Evropská síť prevence pádů Prevention of Falls Network Europe (ProFaNe). ProFaNe vytvořila diagnostický nástroj Škála účinků pádů Falls Efficacy Scale – International (FES-I) pro posouzení strachu z pádu u seniorů. Diagnostický nástroj již byl s použitím metodiky Ten Step Translation Protocol úspěšně přeložen do několika jazyků. Autoři předkládají validní překlad pro využití v České republice.
Purpose: Technology is an important driver of organizational change and often strategically used to facilitate adaptations in organizational processes and cultures. While the link between technological and organizational change is widely recognized, the role of macro-context for this link remains undervalued. Based on data from technology implementations in European police forces the paper aims to illustrate the importance of integrating analyses of the macro-context to understand the complexity of technology driven organizational change. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted 56 interviews and five focus groups with police officers from 13 countries on two of the major technology trends in European police forces: automatic number plate recognition systems (ANPR) systems and social media. They further conducted site visits to police forces in The Netherlands and the United Kingdom to observe technology usage first hand. Comparing accounts across countries th ey analyzed how macro-context impacted adoption decisions and implementation processes. In this analysis they concentrated on the five macro-contextual factors in the PESTL framework, i.e. political, economic, social, technological and legal factors. Findings: In analyses of ANPR systems and social media the paper details how the macro-context of police organizations impacted decisions to adopt a technology as well as the intra-organizational alignments of processes and structures. Practical implications: Organizational decision makers and implementers need to be aware not only of the strong agency of technology for organizations' structure and processes, but also of the relevance of the organizational macro-context for the process and impact of technology implementations on the organizational as well as individual level. Originality/value: The paper illustrates the impact of the macro-context of organizations in shaping the link between technological change and organizational change
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