Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus, explore, and provide an in-depth analysis of the relationship between company resources and the process of enterprise risk management (ERM) in order to strengthen corporate structures against emerging uncertainties. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposes a strategic risk management framework for the development and sustainability of corporate performance by focussing on the dimension of firm resources extracted from the resources-based theory. This paper focussed on using Malaysia listed firms under Malaysian Bourse as sample frame using the random sampling technique whereby questionnaire were distributed among head of risk management department. Of the 600 questionnaires distributed, 223 were returned completed. Findings – The survey results indicate that intangible resources play a significant roles in resources – performance relationship while the other two main dimension that are tangible resources and capabilities have shown contradictory results. Research limitations/implications – This paper only focussed on using Malaysia listed firms under Malaysian Bourse as sample frame. Practical implications – The management of risk is a dynamic phenomenon and the change of management that parallel with its evolution demand a revisiting and revamping over and over again promptly. In order to adapt and survive the volatile environment time and again, the effort to ensure long-term sustainability has to be made by the firm as success and failure can quickly replace one another in a relatively short period. The results highlight the various insight that might be helpful to managers in terms of managing the performance of the firm by concentrating entirely on its risk management and resources managements process. Originality/value – Overall it was shown that only certain dimension of resources within the firm has strong relationship with the performance variation. As such, the company has to ensure that deployment of resources has to be optimized accordingly by focussing on the types of resources that matters so that possibility of improving the outcome of the firm in the volatile global environment can be realized.
Standing Broad Jump (SBJ) is a field test used to assess leg power. This study aims to determine the reliability, validity, and develop norm reference among adolescents. The evidence of the reliability, validity, norm need to establish in the particular population to support the interpretation of the scores. This study involved 60 subjects and six raters for reliability and validity. 417 subjects for norm development. The ICC, test-retest, and Pearson Correlation were used to determine the reliability. Independent sample t was used to determine the validity. The standard deviation method was used to construct the norm reference. Findings showed the ICC was high among male raters (.96) and female raters (.99). The consistency of the instrument excellent among males and female subjects (r = 96, r = .90). Independent sample t-test showed t value (58) = 3.395, p = 0.01 was significant. Finding showed a significant difference between the elite (M= 2.0871) and non-elite athlete (M= 1.897) for male. While, there are significant different for female subjects' t value (58) = 7.324, p = 0.00 was significant. The difference showed the SBJ has the construct validity evidence in this population. This study also indicated new norm for SBJ as (
Measurement of body composition via a field method has the most popular instruments which are used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Among the instruments used are the Body Mass Index, Bio Impedance Analysis and Skinfold Test. All three of these instruments do not involve high costs, do not require high technical skills, mobile, save time, and are suitable for use in large populations. Because all three instruments can estimate the percentage of body fat, but it is important to identify the most appropriate instruments and have high reliability.Hence, this study was conducted to determine the reliability and convergent validity of the instruments. A total of 40 students, males and females aged between 13 and 14 years participated in this study. The study found that the test retest and Pearson correlation coefficient of reliability for the three instruments is very high, r = .99. While the inter class reliability also are at high level with r = .99 for Body Mass Index and Bio Impedance Analysis, r = .96 for Skinfold test. Intra class reliability coefficient for these three instruments is too high for Body Mass Index r = .99, Bio Impedance Analysis r = .97, and Skinfold Test r = .90.
The present study demonstrated scale development of the social support (SS), whose measurement should be re-evaluated based on past studies findings. This study aimed for scale development and investigated the dimensionality of items measuring the SS construct. The validation for content and face validity used Modified Delphi Method with seven panelists, however the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) used questionnaires for construct validity and was administered on 100 students in 23 vocational high schools (VHS) as the sampling of this study. A total of 30 initial items were analyzed using Content Validity Index (CVI) that consisted of I-CVI and S-CVI, and was also analyzed with Fleiss Kappa Index (FKI). However, the 25 items were used to collect data in the study, which was then processed using SPSS version 24 on the EFA procedure. The SS-values instrument was found valid. This study's findings could serve as a basis for future research in this area as contribution reliable, and recommended in other relevant studies.
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