Abstract-Due to different requirements in applications, sensors with different capacities are deployed. How to design efficient, reliable and scalable routing protocols in such wireless heterogeneous sensor networks (WHSNs) with intermittent asymmetric links is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose ProHet: a distributed probabilistic routing protocol for WHSNs that utilizes asymmetric links to reach assured delivery rate with low overhead. The ProHet protocol first produces a bidirectional routing abstraction by finding a reverse path for every asymmetric link. Then, it uses a probabilistic strategy to choose forwarding nodes based on historical statistics using local information. Analysis shows that ProHet can achieve assured delivery rate ρ if ρ is set within its upper-bound. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify its efficiency.
In this paper, we propose performance guaranteed routing protocols in asymmetric sensor networks (ASNs) where two end nodes may not use the same path to communicate with each other. ASNs can be caused by hardware devices or environment. Different from most of the existing routing protocols in symmetric sensor networks, because of asymmetry, achieving desired routing performance in ASNs poses significant research challenges. To address these challenges, we first propose a general framework protocol called reverse path (RP) to deal with asymmetric links and then present two efficient routing algorithms LayHet and EgyHet built on RP to satisfy performance requirements. LayHet is a performance guaranteed layer-based routing protocol that embeds the shortest path information and saves energy by minimizing the number of broadcasts and the probability of forwarding. EgyHet is its energy-upgraded version that considers nodes' remaining energy. Simulation results comparing the proposed and existing protocols show that LayHet and EgyHet can reach the desired delivery rate earlier than the existing one and outperform it in terms of average hops, average packet replication overhead, and average control message overhead. In addition, as sensor energy reduces, the performance of LayHet and EgyHet eventually degrades more slowly than that of the existing one.
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