The use of metallic biomaterials for replacement of biomedical implants has been traced back from the nineteenth century. These metallic biomaterials have been declared as clinical success as their mechanical properties that satisfy the prerequisite of the human bone. Nevertheless, critical issues of the materials when they are utilised as implants; including the releasing toxic and harmful metal ions through wear and corrosion processes after longer implantation. Besides that, the bonding strength between bone and implants itself is considered weak due to the diferent components of human bone and metal implants. Hence, developing hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on metallic biomaterials is expected to overcome the problems faced by biocompatible metallic biomaterials. As far as this, various commercial techniques have been introduced to develop the HAp coating on metallic biomaterials. The techniques are including plasma-spraying method, sol-gel dip-coating, electrochemical deposition and high-velocity suspension plasma-spraying. The formation of HAp coating on metallic biomaterials improved the corrosion resistance together promoting its load-bearing ability and enhanced substrate-coating adhesion.
Kenaf fiber has been cultivated as an industrial crop. In this paper, we present the ongoing works of an assessment on the mechanical properties of its fiber composites. Tensile, flexural and impact tests were executed on untreated short kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Its fiber content is varied from 5% up to 20%, and was compared to neat epoxy (NEAT). Using a hand lay-up technique, a mixture of kenaf fiber and epoxy is poured into a mould and left to dry at room temperature for 24 hours. Seven specimens were cut according to ASTM D3039, ASTM D790 and ASTM D256 for the tensile test, flexural test and impact test, respectively. The results showed that the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of the kenaf fiber are lower compared to NEAT. Samples at 5% kenaf fiber content shows the highest tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength at 27. 1 MPa and 18.2 MPa and 0.56 kJ/m2, respectively. The 5% fiber content was finalized as the fiber content that can be applied in archery.
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