A review of biocompatible metal injection moulding process parameters for biomedical applications

Hamidi, Mohd Faizul Farhan Ahmad; Harun, Wan Sharuzi Wan; Samykano, M.; Ghani, Saiful Anwar Che; Ghazalli, Zakri; Ahmad, Faiz; Sulong, Abu Bakar

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.016

Cited by 130 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…If the particle size distribution characteristics of the investigated powder is relatively wide, the pores originating between big particles may be filled with small particles, which is attested by the curve slope angle coefficient S w [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Binder degradation products in the injection moulding process often contribute to the sintering process by lowering the solidus temperature of the alloy, e.g., highspeed steel, but excessive carbonation may increase the content of retained austenite [8][9][10]. The part of research results presented in the article mainly concerns the selection of binder components and their share in relation to the powder [11][12][13][14][15][16]. This has a huge impact on the ability to powder injection moulding, followed by the debinding, the sintering process and the final properties of the sinters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of thermal analysis in the selection of polymer components used as a binder for metal injection moulding of Co–Cr–Mo alloy powder

Matula

Tomiczek

Król

et al. 2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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To produce the polymer-powder slurry for injection moulding the thermoplastic polymers such as polypropylene, highdensity polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate were used. Depending on skeletal polymers, in every feedstock paraffin wax (PW) was used in the amount of 50% of binder. Application of PW gives the possibility using solvent debinding or thermal debinding at a lower temperature. Then the open porosity into the injected samples reduces the time of thermal debinding of binder residue. Application of one type of skeletal polymer requires using a long isothermal step. The use of a blend of skeletal polymers enables subsequent thermal degradation which consecutively removes skeletal polymers during the heating to the sintering temperature, to minimise the time of isothermal stops. The rheological properties of blends used as a binder and next feedstocks were investigated during mixing in the twin-screw extruder and capillary rheometer. This results gives the information about the possibility to produce feedstocks and then to their injection moulding. Thermal behaviour of samples was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to obtain the information about the temperature of mixing the polymers and to propose the thermal debinding cycle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of thermal analysis in the selection of polymer components used as a binder for metal injection moulding of Co–Cr–Mo alloy powder

Matula

Tomiczek

Król

et al. 2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Friction is a principal cause of wear and energy dissipation. Moreover high temperature generations at cutting zone affects the work-piece dimensional accuracy and surface quality [72,73]. It has been reported in various studies that nanoparticles introduction in cutting fluids led to excellent machining performance in reduction of cutting forces, reduced tool wear, reduced cutting temperature and improved surface finish of the work piece thereby increasing productivity and reduction of hazards to the health of personnel and the environment better than the pure or conventional MQL process [57].…”

Section: Mql Using Nano-fluid In Grinding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofluid as coolant for grinding process: An overview

Kananathan

Samykano

Sudhakar

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. This paper reviews the recent progress and applications of nanoparticles in lubricants as a coolant (cutting fluid) for grinding process. The role of grinding machining in manufacturing and the importance of lubrication fluids during material removal are discussed. In grinding process, coolants are used to improve the surface finish, wheel wear, flush the chips and to reduce the work-piece thermal deformation. The conventional cooling technique, i.e., flood cooling delivers a large amount of fluid and mist which hazardous to the environment and humans. Industries are actively looking for possible ways to reduce the volume of coolants used in metal removing operations due to the economical and ecological impacts. Thus as an alternative, an advanced cooling technique known as Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) has been introduced to the enhance the surface finish, minimize the cost, to reduce the environmental impacts and to reduce the metal cutting fluid consumptions. Nanofluid is a new-fangled class of fluids engineered by dispersing nanometre-size solid particles into base fluids such as water, lubrication oils to further improve the properties of the lubricant or coolant. In addition to advanced cooling technique review, this paper also reviews the application of various nanoparticles and their performance in grinding operations. The performance of nanoparticles related to the cutting forces, surface finish, tool wear, and temperature at the cutting zone are briefly reviewed. The study reveals that the excellent properties of the nanofluid can be beneficial in cooling and lubricating application in the manufacturing process.

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“…The study of debinding processes in injection moulded parts showed that lower binder removal percentages during WD and TD result in cracking of the surface and thereby high surface roughness during the sintering stage [4]. The near complete removal of binder is important also to minimize the carbon content of the final sintered part and decides for its density, structural properties [5] and corrosion resistance, especially for the components used in the medical field [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pre-sintering (PS) process, which is usually carried out after TD, is a necessary step to ease the transport of the very fragile parts after TD. In fact, they have to be put in a clean furnace to minimize the carbon pollution especially in case of micro components that need high density with low corrosion after the sintering process [6,8]. Due to the above reasons, understanding the variations of component properties and finding optimum levels of parameters for WD, TD and PS processes is very essential for high aspect ratio micro extruded parts [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debinding and Presintering of High Aspect Ratio Microbi-Lumen Tubes Produced by Extrusion of 17-4PH Feedstock

Kuriakose

Cataldo

Parenti

et al. 2020

Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing

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Recent developments have showcased that micro-extrusion of feedstock can be used for manufacturing metallic microbi-lumen tubes with very high length-to-diameter aspect ratios, which are not viable by conventional metal extrusion or commonly used feedstock processing technologies like injection molding or hot pressing. The extrusion of high aspect ratio microcomponents faces the challenge of maintaining the geometrical accuracy, surface finish, and structural properties since the micro-extrusion in green state is followed by debinding and sintering operations, which result in shrinkage and variations in surface finish and structure. The stages of the process chain such as solvent/thermal debinding (TD), to remove the polymeric binder, and presintering (PS), to achieve a mild structural rigidity before the sintering, are of critical importance to achieve the surface and structural properties of high aspect ratio microparts and have not been yet studied in case of micro-extrusion of feedstock. In this study, the effect of debinding and PS on surface and structural properties of bi-lumen tubes processed at different extrusion conditions is discussed. Surface roughness of the tubes is analyzed using three-dimensional microscopy, and structural properties are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The debinding and PS experiments on extruded microbi-lumen tubes retained very good surfaces integrity without any cracks or defects. The study shows that the interactions of extrusion temperature and extrusion velocity influence the surface finish of the extruded tubes the most. The sintered bi-lumen samples showed a good areal surface finish, Sa of 2.21 μm, which is near to the green state value confirming the suitability of the applied debinding and PS parameters.

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A review of biocompatible metal injection moulding process parameters for biomedical applications

Cited by 130 publications

References 205 publications

Application of thermal analysis in the selection of polymer components used as a binder for metal injection moulding of Co–Cr–Mo alloy powder

Application of thermal analysis in the selection of polymer components used as a binder for metal injection moulding of Co–Cr–Mo alloy powder

Nanofluid as coolant for grinding process: An overview

Debinding and Presintering of High Aspect Ratio Microbi-Lumen Tubes Produced by Extrusion of 17-4PH Feedstock

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