The present study investigated the effect of dietary tempe, a fermented soy product, on the colonic environment of rats fed high-fat (HF, 30 % fat; experiment 1) or low-fat (LF, 6 % fat; experiment 2) diets. Growing male rats were fed the experimental diets with or without 25 % tempe for 21 days. Tempe consumption slightly but significantly increased the growth of rats fed both the HF and LF diets (P < 0.05). With both the HF and LF diets, dietary tempe markedly reduced a harmful fecal secondary bile acid, lithocholic acid (a risk factor of colon cancer) (P < 0.05), and markedly elevated fecal mucins (indices of intestinal barrier function) and immunoglobulin A (IgA, an index of intestinal immune function) (P < 0.05). With the HF diet, dietary tempe increased cecal acetate, butyrate, propionate, and succinate concentrations (P < 0.05). Analysis of the profile of cecal microflora revealed lower Bacteroides and higher Clostridium cluster XIVa levels in the tempe group of rats fed the HF diet (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecal activity of β-glucosidase was markedly higher in the tempe group (P < 0.05), while that of urease was lower (P < 0.05) with both the HF and LF diets. The present results suggest that tempe consumption modulates the colonic environment in rats.
SummaryTo examine the effect of supplemental dietary vitamin B6 on the colonic luminal environment, growing male rats were fed a high-fat diet containing 1, 7, or 35 mg pyridoxine HCl/kg diet for 6 wk. Food intake and growth were unaffected by the dietary treatment. Supplemental dietary vitamin B 6 signifi cantly reduced the production of a fecal secondary bile acid, lithocholic acid (the most toxic secondary bile acid and a risk factor for colon cancer), and markedly reduced the ratio of lithocholic acid to deoxycholic acid (a less toxic secondary bile acid) in feces (pϽ0.05). Increasing dietary vitamin B6 increased fecal mucin levels (a marker of intestinal barrier function) in a dose-dependent manner (pϽ0.05) but did not affect fecal immunoglobulin A levels (an index of intestinal immune function). Cecal levels of organic acids were not signifi cantly affected by supplemental dietary vitamin B6. These results suggest the possibility that dietary vitamin B6 affects the colonic luminal environment by altering the production of secondary bile acids and mucins.
Tempeh known as indigenous food that has high nutrients and antioxidant compounds. Tempeh was produced from the fermentation of soybean with Rhizopus sp. Tempeh usually was wrapped with plastic or banana leaf. The purpose of this study to know the effect of soybean originated (import and local soybean) and the packaging material types (plastic, teakwood leaf, hibiscus leaf, and banana leaf) on antioxidant activity, fat content, and ash content of tempeh. The methods of this research were antioxidant activity analyses with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazil) Radical Scavenging Activity method, fat analyses with soxhlet method, ash analyses with dry method. The results of this research showed that the tempeh from local soybeans with waru leaf packaging had the highest antioxidant activity (53,43%), tempeh from import soybeans with plastic packaging had the highest fat content (48,89%), and tempeh from import soybeans with waru leaf packaging had the highest ash content (2,19%). We found that the soybean origin (import and local soybean) and the packaging types (plastic, waru leaf, jati leaf, and banana leaf) had significant effect (p<0,05) on antioxidant activity, fat content, and ash content of tempeh. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Ash content, Fat content, Soybean, Tempeh.
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