Background: There are various therapies available for recalcitrant common warts; however no specific therapy has been established as entirely effective.Aims: To assess the efficacy and safety of intralesional Candida antigen injection of vs. intralesional vitamin D3 injection in the treatment of multiple recalcitrant common warts. Patients and methods:A total of 80 adult patients with multiple common warts were randomly assigned to one of three groups in this study. Thirty patients were assigned to Group I, who received a 0.3 ml intralesional injection of Candida antigen. Thirty patients were assigned to Group II, who received a 0.6-ml (60 000 IU) intralesional injection of vitamin D3. Twenty patients were in Group-III, who received 0.3 ml of normal saline as a control. Each agent was injected at the base of largest wart every 3 weeks until full clearance has been obtained, or for a maximum of four sessions. Results:In the Candida antigen, vitamin D3, and saline groups, complete wart clearance was observed in 76.7 percent, 20%, and 0.0 percent, respectively. The side effects were negligible and transient, and there was no recurrence of the lesions. Conclusion:Intralesional injection of Candida antigen is as a safe, simple, costeffective treatment modality for multiple recalcitrant common warts and it outperforms intralesional vitamin D3.

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Background Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common inflammatory skin disease involving dysfunction of the pilosebaceous unit. Many mechanisms for the pathogenesis of acne have been postulated; however, the precise pathogenesis is still uncertain. Aim Evaluation of the level of serum calprotectin in patients with AV and its correlation with the different clinical variables of the disease, particularly severity. Patients and methods This is a case‐control study that included ninety subjects who were subdivided into two groups; group I, which included sixty patients complaining of AV with different grades of severity, and group II that included thirty apparent healthy age and sex‐matched participants as a control group. Severity of AV was determined according to the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Serum calprotectin level was measured in both patients and controls by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results A highly statistically significant difference in the serum calprotectin level was found between patients with AV and control subjects. A highly significant positive correlation was found between the serum calprotectin levels and the severity of acne. Similarly, a significant positive correlation was found between serum calprotectin levels and the duration of the disease. Conclusion Serum calprotectin levels are increased in acne patients and are positively correlated with its severity.

Melasma, also known as chloasma or mask of pregnancy, is a common, acquired, hyperpigmentary disorder usually affecting females.Tranexamic acid (TA), a derivative of amino acid lysine has shown promising results over the past few years when used along with other therapies and when used as a stand-alone. | WHAT ' S NE W ?This is the first study in Egyptian population to compare the efficacy of microneedling plus TA with 4% HQ in the treatment of melasma. We demonstrated that combination of microneedling with TA enhances response rate without increased rate of adverse effects.