Background The distressing COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on public mental health, and the importance of food and nutrients in several aspects of mental health has been recognized. People in isolation or quarantine suffer from severe stress, anger, panic attack, and anxiety. Scope and approach Although, people who have improved and progressed through medications or vaccines have reduced anxiety levels to some extent yet the efficacy of these measures, in the long run, remains a question. The review depicts that such negative emotional reactions were particularly higher in elderly individuals in the first wave than in other phases. The emotional and behavioral response to the COVID-19 pandemic is multifactorial. From different research studies, it has been found that stress scores were considerably higher for those engaging in unhealthy eating practices. This factor relies not only on external components but on personal and innate ones as well. In the present pandemic, the sustainable development of the food system would have been a major issue; this should be carefully restored to avoid a food crisis in the future. Key findings and conclusions Changes in mind-body interactions are triggered by psychosocial stresses such as interpersonal loss and social rejection. Physiological response (in terms of psychological stress) in COVID-19 affected patients varies due to individual physical health status. This review explores the relationship between nutrition and mental health as what we eat and think is interlinked with the gut-brain-axis. The role of dietary components along with the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet and use of psychobiotics in improving psychological distress in pandemic induced stress, anxiety and depression has also been discussed.
Aim: To determine the depression in primary caregivers of patients of psychoactive substance use. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional Place and duration of study: Department of Psychiatry, Jinnah Medical College Hospital Peshawar from 1st June 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients of both genders were enrolled. Patients detailed demographics age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were aged between 18-70 years of age. Depression and anxiety were calculated in primary caregivers of patients of psychoactive substance use. Results: Seventy (58.3%) patients were males and 50 (41.7%) patients were females. Mean age of the patients were 33.12±7.15 years with mean body mass index 25.08 ± 16.5 kg/m2. Psychoactive substance use resulted high level of depression and anxiety among the patients. 15 (12.5%) patients had mild, 30 (25%) showed moderate and 75 (62.5%) patients showed severe depression. Anxiety among patients was 12 (10%) mild, 26 (21.7%) moderate and 82 (68.3%) patients had severe. 30(25%) were illiterate and 90 (75%) were literate. Conclusion: The caregivers of patients of psychoactive substance use had severity of depression with negative intimation among the cases. In patients with substance use disorders, depression and anxiety are usually found. The development of anxiety and depression on the one hand is obviously associated with the seriousness of medication-related issues on the other side. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Substance use, Caregivers.
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