Interplay between ceramides and phytonutrients: New insights in metabolic syndrome

Shabbir, Muhammad Asim; Mehak, Fakiha; Khan, Zaira Mumal; Ahmad, Waqar; Khan, Moazzam Rafiq; Zia, Sania; Rahaman, Abdul; Aadil, Rana Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.010

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Although the effects of KRG on ceramide metabolism have not been studied, several possible mechanisms could be suggested. A recent review reported that phytonutrients from plant-based diets, especially polyphenols, may decrease the levels of specific ceramides in individuals with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and obesity through their medicinal properties, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-diabetic effects [ 29 ]. KRG contains ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloids, polyacetylene, phenols, essential oils, and phytosterols, all of which have demonstrated various pharmacological activities [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the antioxidant activities of KRG have been well studied in in vivo animal and in human clinical studies [ 31 ]. As noted above, ceramide increases both ROS and oxidative stress [ 19 , 32 ], whereas inhibition of ROS-generating enzymes or treatment with antioxidants impairs sphingomyelinase activation and ceramide production [ 29 ]. Therefore, we speculate that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of KRG may contribute to the observed reduction in plasma ceramides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Plasma Ceramide Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a crucial cause of death in postmenopausal women. Plasma ceramide concentrations are correlated with the development of atherosclerosis and are significant predictors of CVD. Here, we conducted a 4-week, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study to investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on serum ceramide concentrations in 68 postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (n = 36) received KRG and the control (n = 32) group received placebo, 2 g each, once daily. Serum ceramides were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry at baseline and study completion, with changes in serum ceramide levels as the primary end point. We detected significantly greater mean changes in C16 ceramide levels (d18:1/16:0: −6.4 ± 6.3 pmol/mL vs. 14.6 ± 6.8 pmol/mL, respectively, p = 0.040; d18:1/22:0: −20.8 ± 24.4 pmol/mL vs. 71.1 ± 26.2 pmol/mL, respectively, p = 0.020). Additionally, changes in the median C16 (d18:1/16:0) and C22 (d18:1/22:0) ceramide levels were significantly greater in KRG-group subjects with metabolic syndrome than those without. Therefore, we found that KRG decreases the serum levels of several ceramides in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia, suggesting it may be beneficial for preventing CVD in these individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Plasma Ceramide Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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“…Natural compounds isolated from plants hold a large reservoir of important bioactive molecules for drugs' discovery. Phytonutrients, also called nutritive phytochemicals, are secondary metabolites accumulated in the different parts of plants ( 21 , 22 ). The bioactive compounds have potential to be applied as therapeutic mediators in the treatment of diseases.…”

Section: Phytonutrients Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Phytonutrients Flavonoids Influencing Gut Microbiota in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

et al. 2021

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is comprised of two idiopathic chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. As the incidence of IBD increases, so does the need for safe and effective treatments. Trillions of microorganisms are colonized in the mammalian intestine, coevolve with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. In this regard, phytonutrients flavonoids have received increasing attention for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we address recent advances in the interactions among flavonoids, gut microbiota, and IBD. Moreover, their possible potential mechanisms of action in IBD have been discussed. We conclude that there is a complex interaction between flavonoids and gut microbiota. It is expected that flavonoids can change or reshape the gut microbiota to provide important considerations for developing treatments for IBD.

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“…Ceramide, which consists of a sphingosine base and an N -linked acyl-chain, is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelins, and glycosphingolipids, among others [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In the mammalian lipidome, there are many types of ceramides differing in their acyl chain and sphingosine backbone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inimitable Impacts of Ceramides on Lipid Rafts Formed in Artificial and Natural Cell Membranes

Kinoshita

Matsumori

2022

Membranes

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Ceramide is the simplest precursor of sphingolipids and is involved in a variety of biological functions ranging from apoptosis to the immune responses. Although ceramide is a minor constituent of plasma membranes, it drastically increases upon cellular stimulation. However, the mechanistic link between ceramide generation and signal transduction remains unknown. To address this issue, the effect of ceramide on phospholipid membranes has been examined in numerous studies. One of the most remarkable findings of these studies is that ceramide induces the coalescence of membrane domains termed lipid rafts. Thus, it has been hypothesised that ceramide exerts its biological activity through the structural alteration of lipid rafts. In the present article, we first discuss the characteristic hydrogen bond functionality of ceramides. Then, we showed the impact of ceramide on the structures of artificial and cell membranes, including the coalescence of the pre-existing lipid raft into a large patch called a signal platform. Moreover, we proposed a possible structure of the signal platform, in which sphingomyelin/cholesterol-rich and sphingomyelin/ceramide-rich domains coexist. This structure is considered to be beneficial because membrane proteins and their inhibitors are separately compartmentalised in those domains. Considering the fact that ceramide/cholesterol content regulates the miscibility of those two domains in model membranes, the association and dissociation of membrane proteins and their inhibitors might be controlled by the contents of ceramide and cholesterol in the signal platform.

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Interplay between ceramides and phytonutrients: New insights in metabolic syndrome

Cited by 10 publications

References 102 publications

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Plasma Ceramide Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Plasma Ceramide Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

The Potential Role of Phytonutrients Flavonoids Influencing Gut Microbiota in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inimitable Impacts of Ceramides on Lipid Rafts Formed in Artificial and Natural Cell Membranes

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