No abstract

Silver catfish (Pangasius sutchi) skin gelatin was extracted to determine the effects of extraction time on the functional properties of the gelatin in terms of solubility, protein solubility as a function of pH and sodium chloride concentration, emulsifying capacity and stability, water holding capacity, fat binding capacities and foaming properties. Silver catfish skins were washed in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution prior to pre-treatment in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acetic acid solution. Gelatin was extracted at 50ºC for 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours extraction time followed by freeze drying. The extraction of silver catfish skin gelatin at 50 ºC for 12 hours was more effective than extraction at 6, 8 and 10 hours where the gelatin was characterized by higher emulsifying capacity (52.63%), emulsifying stability (47.83%), water holding capacity (31.78 mL/g), fat binding capacities (54.76%), foaming capacity (41.47 mL) and foaming stability (56.42%) than gelatins extracted at other extraction time. The longer the extraction time, the better the functional properties of the gelatin. Based on its good functional properties, silver catfish skin gelatin may be useful in various food applications such as soups, sauces and gravies.

A total of 14 parts of beef cuts were used to determine the amino acid composition in drought-master beef. Droughtmaster beef is a cross breed tropical cattle with 50% Shorthorn and 50% Brahman cattle. The most abundant type of amino acid in droughtmaster beef was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, lysine, leucine and arginine. The flank cut of beef was found to contain higher amount of total amino acids followed by top side and short rib cut of beef. The amino acid composition of droughtmaster beef indicates that beef is a good source of dietary protein for human.

Normally pineapple index 2 are harvesting for canning process. Pineapple waste is a by-product from the pineapple canning processing that will lead to serious environmental pollution. Some of pineapple waste is used for animal feed but it is still under utilized. Pineapple waste contains valuable nutrient component of simple sugar such as sucrose, glucose and fructose. Analysis of physico-chemical properties is an important data for determination achievable basic requirement to produce beverage or to run other process such as alcoholic and acetic acid fermentations for producing vinegar. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of maturity of pineapple variety N36 on its waste physico-chemical properties. The selected pineapple wastes such as peel, crown and core were used to produce pineapple waste extracts. Significant difference at p<0.05 found between total soluble solid (TSS), pulp, absorbance, pH, titratable acidity and TSS/TA ratio among index of maturity. It was found that pineapple core extract contains significantly highest in fructose, glucose and sucrose compared to pineapple crown and peel extracts.

No abstract