Background: Ocular injuries are one of the most common causes of monocular visual impairment and blindness worldwide. However, surveys done in only hospitals underestimate the incidence of oculars trauma. Aim of the study was to draw the attention towards significant increase in eye injuries amongst, or by, the children in few months in our setup following the start of airing of the drama series Ertughral Ghazi on television. It is the need of the day to plan safety strategies for prevention of ocular injuries in children or by the children who view the drama series. Method: Case series study was done in Department of Ophthalmology, Ayub Medical and Teaching Institution, Abbottabad from 16thApril to 7th June 2021. Results: We had 10 patients with similar type of injuries but with different severity and extent due to wooden arrows while playing out the role of protagonists shown in the Ertughral Ghazi television series. Out of 10 eyes, 2 eyes got blind, 6 eyes were significantly damaged with profound visual loss and 1 eye had only lid laceration while1 eye had just conjunctival laceration near limbus. Conclusion: The current burden of several ocular traumas connected to the playacting by the children mimicking the TV drama has increased. Health education, information dissemination of and safety strategies should be planned and executed to prevent such injuries
AbstrakKualitas ekstrak dapat dipengaruhi oleh komponen dan kadar dari senyawa-senyawa kimia yang terdapat dalam ekstrak. Macam dan banyaknya senyawa kimia terlarut dalam proses ekstraksi sangat dipengaruhi oleh pelarut yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelarut terhadap kadar naftokinon dalam sari daun Pacar Kuku. Penyarian dilakukan secara maserasi selama 1 jam dengan pelarut air, etanol 50%, 70%, 90% dan 95%v/v terhadap serbuk kering daun Pacar Kuku. Sari yang diperoleh dibuat konsentrasi 5%b/v dan ditotolkan masing-masing 5 µl pada lempeng silika gel F 254 dan dielusi dengan fase gerak campuran kloroform -metanol (17:3). Bercak yang terbentuk kemudaian discanning spektra dan dihitung luas area dengan KLT densitometri pada panjang gelombang maksimum. Hasil kesamaan bercak menunjukkan pada Rf 0,31 mempunyai spektra yang mirip dengan standard naftokinon dan panjang gelombang maksimal yang sama yaitu pada 279 nm. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan pelarut yang paling banyak menyari naftokinon dari daun Pacar Kuku adalah etanol 50%v/v dengan kadar (1,43 ± 0,1942)%b/v.
The development of topical dosage forms of Moringa leaf extract cream has been carried out because of its properties that can moisturize the skin. A pharamceutical preparation must meet the requirements of stability and non toxic. The study aimed to determine the effect of variations un the concentration ethanol extract cream of Moringa leaf of physical stability and irritability. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was obtained by maceration method with 50% ethanol solvent. The extract was then formulated in the form of O/W base scarring with concentrations of 1% (F1), 3% (F2), and 5% (F3). Creams were evaluated for physical stability including mechanical tests (centrifugation) and physical stability at room temperature (25 ± 2oC) with parameters pH, viscosity on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. In addition, creams were also evaluated for their irritability in vivo with using test animals (rabbits). The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. The results of the physical stability test showed that an increase in the concentration of Moringa leaf extract caused an increase in viscosity (P <0.5) and a decrease in pH (P <0.5) but did not affect physical stability (mechanical test) and its irritating effect. F2 (1%) has a pH of 7.61 while F4 (5%) is 7.01. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves can affect the physical stability of the cream and do not affect its irritation properties. Moringa leaf ethanol extract cream with a concentration of 5% (F4) has physical stability and does not irritate the skin better than other formulas.
Pemasangan infus merupakan tindakan invasif yang sering menimbulkan nyeri pada anak. Salah satu teknik non farmakologi yang mudah, dapat dilakukan oleh perawat dan secara teoritis efektif untuk mengurangi nyeri saat tindakan invasif pada anak adalah distraksi menonton kartun animasi. Penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksprimen. Rancangan penelitian ini mengggunakan pendekatan Quasy-eksperiment design with control dengan populasi seluruh pasien anak usia 3-5 tahun dengan sampel sebanyak 30 orang yang diambil dengan tekhnik consecutive sampling dan dianalis menggunakan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian pada pengaruh tekhnik distraksi visual terhadap tingkat nyeri anak saat pemasangan infus pada dua kelompok, didapatkan bahwa pada kelompok intervensi sebagian besar mengalami nyeri ringan, pada kelompok kontrol sebagian besar mengalami nyeri sedang, ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan hasil uji Mann Whitney 0,000 (α = 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa terdapat pengaruh tekhnik distraksi visual (menonton animasi kartun) terhadap tingkat nyeri anak saat pemasangan infus di ruang IGD RSUD Ratu Zaleha Martapura. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya untuk menghubungkan dengan variabel lain seperti tingkat kecemasan, pengalaman nyeri sebelumnya dan jenis kelamin. Bagi tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat tekhnik distraksi visual mampu menjadi rujukan SOP asuhan keperawatan dalam hal mengurangi nyeri saat pemasangan infus. Kata kunci : Pemasangan infus, Tingkat nyeri pada anak pra sekolah dan Distraksi Kepustakaan : 27 (2008-2019)
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