Delay and quality defects are significant problems in Iraqi construction projects. During the period from 2003-2014, legislation has been changed to enhance the performance of construction project. This change is done by modifying some clauses of legislation and adding or deleting the others. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of these changes by using questionnaire and Bayesian decision tree model. 30 projects were taken for the period from 2003-2014. Performance of construction project was assessed on one hand by conducting a questionnaire which depend on the impact of legislation clauses on the time and quality performance, while on the other hand Bayesian decision tree model was developed in which qualitative estimate of time and quality performance by using KNIME program. The results of questionnaire estimate the delay from very low to very high and quality from very low to high in Iraqi construction industry. The results of Bayesian decision tree model reveal that the high percentage of construction projects were implemented with very high delay and high level of quality. The model gives good accuracy in prediction time and quality performance about 86.7%. These results show the enhancement in the quality performance is greater than the time performance under the legislative change. The model can assist the Iraqi legislator in evaluation the impact of legislation on time and quality performance of construction project.
Background: Cardiac impairment is a maincause of mortality throughout the worldand despite optimal medical treatment, it still carries high mortality. The aim of current study was to evaluate the intraventricular dyssynchrony) prevalencein patients with dilated cardiomyopathy patients and its relation to underlying etiology, QRS with and severity of systolic dysfunction.Methods: This crosssectional study included 58 patients with cardiomyopathy of ischemic (ICM) and non-ischemic cause (NCM) . Mechanical dyssynchrony (intraventricular dyssynchrony) assessed by m-mode, pulsed Doppler, TDI and 2D speckle tracking.Assessment of left ventricular systolic function was done by ejection fraction and stroke volume. Prevalence of mechanical indices in DCM and their relation to underlying etiology, QRS duration and severity of LV systolic dysfunction were done. Results: Prevalence of intraventricular dyssynchrony)indices were more in NCM than ICM except PSI was more in ICM,and there was significant association of these indices with QRS width. There was nonsignificant negative correlation between these indices and LV systolic indices. Conclusion: Mechanical dyssynchrony)indices are affected by the underlying etiology and QRS width as well as severity of LV systolic dysfunction associated with existence of the mechanical dyssynchrony.
Background: The human shoulder is one of the most mobile joints of the body but it has less stability as compared to the hip joint which is also a ball and socket joint. Aim: To measure average supraspinatus tendon thickness in young adults, and compare the tendon thickness between genders by using musculoskeletal ultrasound. Study design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: A total of 128 healthy young adults were screened for shoulder pathology using Apley scratch test, Empty Can and Full Can test. The measurements were taken in Modified Crass Short Axis View of Supraspinatus Tendon at 5mm, 10mm and 15mm from Bicep Long Head Tendon and Modified Crass Long Axis View of Supraspinatus Tendon at 5mm, 7mm and 10mm from the highest point of humerus. Data was evaluated by using SPSS version 23. All qualitative data was presented in frequency form and quantitative data was in the form of mean ± SD. Results: There was a significant difference in tendon thickness between males and females. In the long axis view males had thicker tendon as compared to females at 5mm and 7mm in the right side whereas in the left side there was difference at 5mm, 7mm and 10mm from the highest point on the humerus. Within gender comparison showed significant difference in tendon thickness measured in short axis as significant tendon thickness difference measured at 5mm, 7mm and 10mm from highest point of humerus. Conclusion: It was concluded that supraspinatus tendon thickness differed significantly in young males and females. Keywords: Musculoskeletal Ultrasound, Supraspinatus Tendon Thickness, Young Adults, Body Mass Index and Rotator Cuff.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is usually caused by harmful particles or gases, is associated with persistent respiratory symptoms. Aim: To determine effects of controlled breathing techniques for respiratory muscle strengthening and functional capacity. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Methodology: Study was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore for duration of 6months. Patients (n=48) were enrolled through convenient sampling. Participants were divided into two groups 24 in each group. Both groups A and B received baseline treatment for pulmonary rehabilitation. Pursed lip breathing technique was performed to group B, 20 minutes session for 4 days per week. Pre and post treatment readings were taken and the results were analyzed. Informed consent was taken. Data was evaluated by using SPSS vr 23. Before and after comparison was made using paired sample t test considering normality of data. Results: Almost 18.75% were in the age range of (40-49 years), 16(33.33%) in (50-59), 10(20.83%) in (60-69) and 13(27.08%) in (70-75). The pre and post readings showed that there was a mean difference in 6MWT and AQ20 with significant p-value. Conclusion: It was concluded that controlled breathing techniques have been found to be more effective to increase exercise tolerance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Exercise Tolerance, Controlled Breathing Maneuvers and Pulmonary Functions.
Background: Breastfeeding is the natural procedure of feeding a baby with mother’s milk which is important for healthy life of a baby Most common breastfeeding positions for nursing a newborn are cross cradle hold, cradle hold, side-lying and football hold Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Methodology: Non- probability convenient sampling technique were used for this study. The number of primigravida women participated in this study was 350. Instrument used for the study was the standardized questionnaire which gathered details on socio-demographic factors and maternal traits of primigravida women such as their knowledge about postures, positioning, hold practice and latch-on practice. Data was evaluated by using SPSS v.23. Qualitative data was presented as percentage and frequency. Results: Almost, 56.6% participants had good knowledge while and 43.3% had a poor knowledge of breastfeeding positioning. 68.6% practiced advisable breastfeeding posture. Cross cradle hold (56.9%) was the most common breastfeeding technique with 18.6% cradle hold, 17.7% football hold and 6.9% side-lying position. About 75.7% mothers had baby to breast latch-on practice. Practical Implication: This study brought attention towards the assessment of knowledge regarding different breastfeeding positions. Moreover, this study helped physiotherapists to evaluate the musculoskeletal problems in early stage so that they can provide awareness to mothers related effective breastfeeding positioning. Conclusion: It was concluded that primigravida mothers showed the good knowledge of breastfeeding positioning. As all the mothers practiced advisable breastfeeding postures, adopted sitting on the side of bed to breastfeed, worked on cross-cradle hold and baby-to breast latch-on. Keywords: Breastfeeding Positioning, Knowledge and Primigravida mothers.
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