There is ample research on aggression amongst children and adolescents that highlights several antecedents of aggression. While researchers have remarked on the relationship between parenting styles and aggression in children, there are few studies that integrate and systemize the available studies on parenting styles and aggression. The present review is an attempt to fill this gap. For this review, relevant studies were first searched, then coded and classified. As a result of thorough review, 34 relevant studies were identified. The review shows that parenting styles have a direct impact on aggression in children. Authoritative parenting styles playa positive role in psychological behavior in children while authoritarian and permissive parenting styles result in aggressive and negative behaviors in children. The current study also suggests that there is room to conduct studies on this topic in developing countries. Future research should be undertaken in developing and underdeveloped countries and should focus on mixed modes of research and examine the direct influence of parenting styles on aggressive behavior in children in different cultural contexts.
PurposeDrawing on psychological contract theory and social identity theory, this study aims at examining the mediating role of trust and turnover intention (TI) between the relationship of responsible leadership (RL) and work deviant behavior (WDB).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 230-full-time hospital staffs to examine the hypothesized relationship. Moreover, study employed a two-step SEM approach to test the proposed relationships.FindingsThe results derived from “partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM)” analysis revealed that RL does not affect WDB. The findings further provided a noteworthy theoretical understanding that of influence of RL on WDB is better explained by trust, whereas the impact of RL on WD is less translated through TI.Practical implicationsThis study entails vital managerial implications by demonstrating that how hospitals should improve WDB.Originality/valueThe study makes a unique contribution in RL literature by linking psychological contract theory and social identity theory. This novel research endeavour also bridges important theoretical gaps by highlighting the additive effects of RL and exploring the competing mediation mechanism through which RL influence WDB.
PurposeWorking women being housewives have to face major problems. They have to trade off between work domain and family life domain, in perspective sector and area chosen. This study investigates the factors behind work‐life conflict experienced by women with responsibilities and type of work arrangement experiencedDesign/methodology/approachThe study is conducted by exploring the responses of 100 women working in 25 different banks (public as well as private banks) in non‐contrived environment using random sampling in Attock and Islamabad cities of Pakistan. Regression and correlation is used for statistical analysisFindingsThe impact of women's earning potentials, household responsibilities, workplace environment and financial needs is analyzed on women work‐life conflict. Results from the study indicate that household responsibilities and workplace environment are strongly correlated to women work‐life conflict. Response rate is 75 percent and all the values for Cronbach Alpha are agreeable. Women earning potential and workplace environment are negatively related while household responsibilities and financial needs are positively correlated to women work‐life conflictResearch limitations/implicationsThis research selected sample from only two cities Pakistan i.e. Attock and Islamabad. Future studies could select other cities and compare results with city of selected sample. This research used random sampling procedure, which is the main limitation of this study. Future studies could use stratified random sampling procedure with more sample size.Practical implicationsIt is hoped that the findings of this study will assist the human resource managers, practitioners and strategy makers to better understand women problems.Originality/valueThe added value of this paper is to link theory and practice, and explore the working women life conflict with job environment. Few studies have conducted over the years under this perspective in the Pakistan.
Academic freedom and the right to express one's views in higher education (HE) are important for faculty and students alike, so enabling intellectual integrity and professional autonomy. However, this might not be the case for female academics in countries where females are marginalised, and their opinions are dominated and limited by the society and culture. Gender inequality and how it negatively influences the opportunities available for females to progress is a universal issue; however, although initiatives designed to tackle this problem are being seen to result in gradual improvement internationally, particularly in industrial countries, the situation in developing countries remains a concern. In developing countries, women tend to be either absent from many organisations or exist at the margins of organisational life with the result that they have fewer opportunities for development or career progression. This has a negative impact on the growth and development of a country at national level, particularly when there has been investment in female education from an earlier stage. It would seem that this certainly is the case in Pakistan where cultural norms intertwine with organisational politics thus militating against female employees. The experiences and issues discussed in this chapter highlight the social barriers faced by female academics in HE that have a significant impact on their academic freedom and expression.
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