Output power losses of PV module during irradiance transitions were studied. The maximum output power loss of PV module under hot spot was around 52.86%. The temperature difference between the hottest and cooled cell was about 6°C.The probable appearance of localized overheating (hot spot) represents one of the main matters for the reliability and safety of c-Si cells. It entails both a risk for the photovoltaic module's lifetime and a decrease in its operational efficiency. Partial shading is the most common cause of a hot spot in a PV system. The main aim of this work is to analyze the hotspot phenomena by I-V curve as well as IR thermography and investigate the impact of partial shading on the hottest cell experimentally to find its effect on the output power. The results show that at normal operating conditions (G=865W/m2 and Ta=39.7°C) the output power is 89.05W; the temperature difference between the hottest and cooled cell was about 6°C. Moreover, the short circuit current and consequently, the maximum output power reduced if only one cell fully or partially shaded. However, when the hottest cell is shaded by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the shaded area, the power losses were 37.17 %, 50.05%, 48.61%, and 52.86% respectively. Wheals, the hottest cell temperature was 80.6, 99.1, 101.4, and 62.4°C for 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the shading area, the major temperature difference observed at 75% of the shading area.
Photovoltaic (PV) module is one of the most useful, sustainable and non-harmful product in the field of renewable energy therefore, it increased rapidly. Photovoltaic performance affected inversely by Partial shading which occurs due to clouds, birds, buildings, trees and dust deposition etc,. This paper investigates the performance of monocrystalline photovoltaic module under cloud effect theoretically and experimentally. The experiments are conducted in Baghdad during November, December and January in 2018and 2019. PV parameters are simulated by using MATLAB to determine this effect. The measured and simulated data are compared to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach. The results show that the cloud has a significant impact on the performance of photovoltaic module. The clouds decrease the amount of direct radiation reaching to the surface of PV module. Therefore, output power of PV module in cloudy days is less than the power output in sunny days. The power output in the sunny days was 69.7W, and by comparing this value with measured values in (November, December and January), it is found that the measured values are reduced by 15.5, 59.65 and 62.26% respectively.
The partial shading conditions have a significant effect on the performance of Photovoltaic system and the ability of delivering energy. In this study, the impact of different partial shading on the mono crystalline (88W) PV module performance was investigated in this study. Horizontal string, vertical string, and single cell shading at different percentage of shading area have been studied. It is found that the horizontal string shading is more severe on the efficiency of the PV panel. In contrast, the efficiency of PV panel with cellular and vertical cell shading was less during the tests. The experimental results showed that the power losses were 99.8%, 66% and 56.8 % for horizontal, cellular and vertical shading respectively via applied non transparent material as shading element by 100% of shading area at 500 W/m2. Moreover, transparent material used to shade whole module horizontally, different shading area and different radiation level applied to find electrical characteristics of the module under these conditions. The results show that at 800W/m2 of irradiation levels and no shading condition the power was 68.6W, by increase shading area by 20% in each step, the power reducing by 44.94, 47.58, 49.42, 50.57 and 52.4% in compared with their initial value at no shading condition.
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