Objectives: Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The present study investigated the bioactivity of pyocyanin against certain types of bacteria and fungi causing human infections Methods: A total of 23 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from patients admitted to the General Baqubah Hospital during the period from November 2016 through May 2017. All isolates were cultured on Pseudomonas agar and confirmed by biochemical tests as P. aeruginosa. Pyocyanin extraction was done by chloroform method and concentration was determined by multiplying the optical density at 520 nm by 17.072 expressed as µg/ml. Biological activity of pyocyanin was determined by well diffusion procedure.Results: According to the source of P. aeruginosa, the most tested isolates were from ear infection (30%) followed by wounds (22%), burns (17%), urine (13%) and both stool and diabetic leg ulcer (9%). Antimicrobial resistant of P. aeruginosa isolates were the following: 19 (82.6 %) to piperacillin, followed by 10 (43.5%) to aztreonem, 8 (34.8%) to meropenem, 6 (26.1%) to amikacin, 5 (21.7%) to ciprofloxacin, 2 (8.7%) to cefotaxime.The urine isolates produced the largest amount of pyocyanin (15.894 µg/ml). Pyaocyanin have shown antimicrobial activity against the following bacteria: Shigella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermedis. Also, pyaocyanin can inhibit the following fungi and yeast: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium
Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The present study investigated the bioactivity of pyocyanin against certain types of bacteria and fungi causing human infections Objectives: Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The current study deals with biosynthesis, purification and bioactivity of pyocyanin produced by P. aeruginosa. Design: Pyocyanin extraction was done by chloroform method and concentration was determined by multiplying the optical density at 520 nm by 17.072 expressed as µg/ml. Biological activity of pyocyanin was determined by well diffusion procedure. Results: According to the source of infection, results showed that P. aeruginosa were most common in ear infection (30%) followed by wounds (22%), burns (17%), urine (13%) and each in stool and diabetes (9%). In this study the high resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to antibiotics were 19 (82.6 %) to piperacillin followed by 10(43.5%) to aztreonem, 8(34.8%) to meropenem, 6(26.1%) to amikacin, 5(21.7%) to ciprofloxacin then 2(8.7%) to cefotaxime. the urine isolate produced the largest amount of pyocyanin (15.894 µg/ml). pyaocyanin have antimicrobial activity against Pathogenic bacteria: Shigella, Staphyllococcus aureus and Staphyllococcus epidermedis. and pathogenic fungi and yeast: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Rhodotorula spp., Alternaria alternate , Trichophyton rubrum and Candida spp Conclusions: cefotaxime is the best antibiotic for P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activity of pyocyanin against gram positive more than gram negative bacteria but less than that observed against fungi (molds and yeast).
In this study, sixty specimens were collected of Staphylococcus aureus isolation from several sources but found twenty-five specimens of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin from External laboratories in Baghdad, Iraq, during the period of December to May 2018. Then the samples were inoculated on culture media (Mannitol agar). The results of the sequencing showed congruence with isolation Staphylococcus aureus of amplified product of 16S rRNA gene appeared 99%compatibility. The results as shown After alignment of product amplification of 16S rRNA having seven Transition(A>G, A>G, T>C, T>C, G>A, C>T and A>G, and having three Transversion (T>G, G>C and A>T) from the Gene Bank. Registration of Iraqi isolate for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in National Center for Biotechnology Information and under the accession number MH 145371.1. and it is available for download at NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ MH 145371.1. The aim of the study was to determine the phylogenetic tree of Staphylococcus aureus based on 16S rRNA sequencing.The local Iraq isolate was registered after the correspondence of (NCBI), and obtained accession number and became a reference to Iraq and the Middle East and the world found variations of the local strain on the world.
Background: To put it simply, hepatitis is liver inflammation. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem because it can lead to serious liver conditions like hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Ten HBV genotypes (A-J) were distinguished based on viral sequence similarity. Objective: detection of HBV utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, followed by viral nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in170 reviewers (103 males and 67 females) who attended the Baquba Teaching Hospital, Teaching Laboratories, the Main Blood Bank, and Baladrooz General Hospital. Age ranging 13-75 years. The samples were collected from Diyala Province of Iraq; person data was collected by using questioner, including their name, age, gender, address, academic achievement, source of infection, take vaccine of HBV, and corona infection. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay test (ELISA) was used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum. Amplification Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of HBV p gene of serum samples was performed to detect HBV from serum samples. The sequence of the PCR products of the polymerase gene was sent for Sanger sequencing using ABI3730XL, an automated DNA sequencer, by Macrogen Corporation – Korea for the study of mutations and genotype identification. The results were received by email and then analyzed using geneious software. Results: The positive samples of HBV by ELISA were 70 (41.20%), and 100 (58.80%) samples were negative. While positive samples for HBV-DNA PCR were 14 (8.20%). When compared the sequence of local isolates with NCBI-Blast Hepatitis B virus showed that all isolates were D genotype. Variation result showed that the highest type of mutation was Transition when compared with the NCBI referring sequences. Statistically: The present study revealed there was a significantly different (p<0.05) in the positivity of HBV detected by ELISA and PCR between study groups. Additionally, there was a significantly different (p<0.05) between the positivity of HBV detected by ELISA and PCR and age groups, gender, Social status, address, education , jaundice infection of patients, the HB vaccination, and infection source of patients. Keywords: HBV, ELISA, PCR, Sequence, Variation, Phylogenetic Tree, Diyala, Iraq.
Background:The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens has justified a reassessment of the value of phages as antibacterial agents for medical applications. Objective: To assess the effect of bacteriolytic activity against P. aeruginosa by use multi methods for isolation of bacteriophage. Patients and Methods: This study was performed from from November, 2016 till April, 2017. A total of 60 samples collected from urine, stool, diabetes leg, ear, burns and wounds infections in General Baqubah Hospital to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and tested for 6 groups of antibiotics. Aerophage was isolated using three methods: spotting; double -layer agar plate and liquid broth method. After enrichment of aerophage, the bacteriolytic activity of aerophage was done by spotting method. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates resistance were 10(43.5%) for Aztreonem and 8(34.8 %) to Ticarcillin-Claculanic acid followed by Imipenem 4(17.4%), Gentamicin and when the study done Levofloxacin 3(13%) for each finally Cefepime2(8.7%). high significant differences of aztreonem with both of cefepim and gentamycin (P<0.01) while significant differences of aztreonem with both imipenim and levofloxacillin (P<0.05%). while the results of bacteriolytic activity showed all ear and leg diabetes isolates were sensitive to aerophage (100%) followed by urine isolates(75%), stool isolates(50%) and burns isolates(25%) while all wound isolates were resist to aerophage(100%). The result of relation between Antibiotic resistance phenotype profile and Aerophage sensitivity that no detect to susceptibility of isolates to aerophage but the source of isolates may be detected to infection with aerophage. Conclusion:Aztreonem antibiotic was widely used in Baqubah city recently. All three methods to isolate aerophage were effective. The result of relation between Antibiotic resistance phenotype profile and Aerophage sensitivity that no detect to susceptibility of isolates to aerophage but the source of isolates may be detected to infection with aerophage.
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