Background Autophagy is a catabolic process for degradation of intracellular components. Damaged proteins and organelles are engulfed in double-membrane vesicles ultimately fused with lysosomes. These vesicles, known as phagophores, develop to form autophagosomes. Encapsulated components are degraded after autophagosomes and lysosomes are fused. Autophagy clears denatured proteins and damaged organelles to produce macromolecules further reused by cells. This process is vital to cell homeostasis under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Main body While the role of autophagy in cancer is quite controversial, the majority of studies introduce it as an anti-tumorigenesis mechanism. There are evidences confirming this role of autophagy in cancer. Mutations and monoallelic deletions have been demonstrated in autophagy-related genes correlating with cancer promotion. Another pathway through which autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis is cell cycle. On the other hand, under hypoxia and starvation condition, tumors use angiogenesis to provide nutrients. Also, autophagy flux is highlighted in vessel cell biology and vasoactive substances secretion from endothelial cells. The matrix proteoglycans such as Decorin and Perlecan could also interfere with angiogenesis and autophagy signaling pathway in endothelial cells (ECs). It seems that the connection between autophagy and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment is very important in determining the fate of cancer cells. Conclusion Matrix glycoproteins can regulate autophagy and angiogenesis linkage in tumor microenvironment. Also, finding details of how autophagy and angiogenesis correlate in cancer will help adopt more effective therapeutic approaches.

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Background:Diabetes is a serious chronic disease during childhood. Because of the chronic nature of the disease, self-care is necessary. Education alone is not effective in providing care. Misunderstanding by the patients regarding diabetes during the training programs render telephone follow-up after training essential.Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study with two groups (experimental and control) was conducted in two phases in 2014. The study population consisted of 70 children of 10–18 years of age with type I diabetes (35 patients in the experimental group and 35 in the control group). The participants were randomly selected from the patients referring to the Sedigheh Tahereh Diabetic Research and Treatment Center in Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on self-care and a glycosylated hemoglobin recording form. The experimental group received 12 weeks of telephone follow-up training by the center, whereas the control group received no follow-up.Results:The results showed that, after intervention, the total mean score of self-care in all aspects of diabetes care for children was significantly higher in the experimental group (p < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of mean glycosylated hemoglobin after the intervention (p = 0.030).Conclusions:It can be concluded that telephone follow-up by a nurse can improve total self-care and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type I diabetes.