INTRODUCTION: Serum phospholipid omega-3 fatty acid levels in patients suffering from both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) are lower than in their healthy counterparts. Omega-3 supplementation can be effective in controlling glycemic indices in T2DM, and in improving lipid profiles in T2DM and NAFLD as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with T2DM and NAFLD. METHODS: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients with T2DM and NAFLD were enrolled. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. The omega-3 group (OG) received capsules containing omega-3 fatty acids (2g/d), and the placebo group (PG) received placebo capsules (2g/d) during a12 week period. Dietary intake was assessed with 24-hour dietary recalls. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements were collected at the baseline and after 12 weeks. Serum levels of glycemic indices (fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) and lipid profile (levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)) were measured. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients completed the study. Paired t-test revealed no significant differences in the baseline measurements between the two groups. At the end of the study compared with the PG, the OG had a significant reduction in serum TG levels. However, there was no significant effect of omega-3 supplementation on the other parameters: the mean FBG or HbA1c concentration, neither on TC, LDL-c and HDL-c levels. CONCLUSION: Two grams per day of omega-3 supplementation after 12 weeks led to a significant reduction in serum TG levels in patients with T2DM and NAFLD. However, no significant effects were observed on FBG, HbA1c, TC, LDL-c, and HDL-c levels.
Background
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Omega-3 supplementation has been proposed as a possible strategy for management of cardiometabolic risk. Cardiometabolic indices can predict and evaluate the cardiometabolic risk.
Aims
We investigated the effect of omega-3 supplementation on accurate and available cardiometabolic indices including atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I, Castelli risk index II and atherogenic coefficient (AC) in diabetic patients with NAFLD.
Methods
We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) for 12 weeks. From August 2016 to March 2017, the subjects referred to Faghihi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, were recruited. Sixty diabetic patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned into the omega-3 (2000 mg/d omega-3 capsule contained 360 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid and 240 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid) and the placebo (liquid paraffin) groups using computer-generated random number table.
Results
Omega-3 supplementation compared to the placebo had no significant effect on AIP (− 0.11 ± 0.20 vs. -0.03 ± 0.16; P = 0.11), Castelli risk index I (− 0.25 ± 0.6 vs. -0.07 ± 0.7; P = 0.42), Castelli risk index II (− 0.24 ± 0.5 vs. -0.14 ± 0.5; P = 0.63) and AC (− 0.25 ± 0.6 vs. -0.07 ± 0.7; P = 0.42). After adjusting for confounding factors, the findings remained without change.
Conclusion
Omega-3 supplementation (2000 mg/d) for 12 weeks has no effect on cardiometabolic risk. It seems, higher doses of omega-3 can improve cordiometabolic risk. The trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2016102530489N1.
Abstract Background: Aging is accompanied by physiologic changes that can negatively impact nutritional status. Progressive under nutrition during aging is associated with early death. Some food avoidance could complicate nutritional status during chronic diseases in elderly people. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare malnutrition among elderly people with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Method: This case-control study was conducted on 64 healthy elder subjects (as a control group) and 64 elderly patients with CVDs (as a case group) in Shiraz (2017). Demographic and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaires were completed for each participant. Anthropometric data (weight, BMI, waist, hip, arm and calf circumferences) were measured. Findings: Malnutrition distribution was significantly different between two groups based on MNA score (P<0.001) and 48 (75%) of healthy elderly participants and 18 (28.1%) of patients weren't malnourished. Risk of malnutrition was 35 (54.7%) and 16 (25%) in unhealthy and healthy groups respectively. Only 11 (17.2%) of elderly patients with CVDs were malnourished. Conclusion: Malnutrition rate increased in elderly patients with CVDs compared to healthy old group. It seems that food avoidance of the disease is the cause of higher malnutrition rate. Attention to the balance and adequacy of macronutrient intake in a personal diet of CVDs patients can be a method to prevent progression of malnutrition in old patients.
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