Background: Since the intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is still a serious problem in premature infants associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, there is a need for an accessible tool in order to identify these at high risk neonates. Objectives: To determine if high mean platelet volume (MPV) within 24 hours of birth can identify preterm infants prone to IVH as a simple accessible test. Methods: One hundred premature infants with gestational age (GA) of < 34 weeks with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were eligible in this study and were divided into two groups based on the diagnosis of IVH. Measurements of MPV and platelet counts

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a painful examination, despite the common application of local anesthetic eye drops. This study aimed at examining the analgesic effects of 25% glucose in a premature infant pain profile (PIPP) in the first eye examination of infants with ROP. This three-group, randomized clinical trial was conducted from March to February 2017. One oral dose of 25% glucose solution (1 cc/kg) was administered one minute before the first examination of ROP. Mydriatic and anesthetic eye drops were locally instilled in the eyes before the examination for each group. Then, comparisons were made with the control group, which did not receive oral glucose (B), as well as the group which received 1 ml/kg of distilled water (C). The main investigator, who was blinded to the groups, evaluated pain using PIPP at one minute before, during, and one and five minutes after the procedure (ethics code: IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1396.3130). The baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. During the procedure, the group receiving oral 20% glucose showed significantly lower PIPP scores (13.8±1.39) compared to the other groups (group B: 15.95±1.27 and group C: 15.10±1.19) (P=0.001). The positive effects persisted for five minutes in this group after the procedure (7.6±1.26), compared to the other groups (P=0.034). During and after ROP screening, oral 25% glucose in combination with local anesthetic eye drops can cause a significant reduction in pain.

Background: Determination of contributing factors for jaundice would result in better programming for prevention. This study was performed to determine the prevalence rate of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among neonates with jaundice admitted in Arash Hospital from October 2013 to October 2014. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, term neonates with non-hemolytic jaundice admitted in Arash Hospital from October 2013 to October 2014 were evaluated for UTI by urine culture and the data were recorded by checklist using medical documents. Results: A total of 436 term infants were enrolled in the study. Mean age at the time of admission was 6.03±3.355 days with age range of 3-18 days including 291(0.66%) males and 145(0.33%) females. Urine culture was positive in 32 neonates (7.3%).The most common germs were Klebsiella in 37.5%, Escherichia coli (E. coli) in 21.9%, Staphylococcus in 9.4%, Pseudomonas in 3.1%, Enterococcus in 15.6%, Enterobacter in 9.4%, and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in 3.1%. Conclusion: Urine culture should be a part of routine clinical evaluation for all icteric neonates at the age of 5-6 days or more who have no risk factors to exclude the possibility of coincidental UTI.