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To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe bacillary layer detachment (BLD) in a patient with diabetic retinopathy treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. We present the case of a 55-year-old diabetic female who was referred to our hospital complaining of decreased vision in her left eye for 2 weeks. Fundus examination of both eyes was compatible with diabetic retinopathy. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the left eye showed a large dome-shaped cystic space with marginal septa, splitting the myoid zone, consistent with the BLD phenotype. A single dose of intravitreal bevacizumab injection was administered. After 4 weeks, BCVA was improved significantly with complete resolution of BLD. Underlying choroidal ischemia in patients with different vascular disorders like diabetes mellitus may lead to photoreceptor stress and BLD. This study adds to the growing literature, which describes BLD as a marker of fluid accumulation in relation to several macular diseases.

CDVA (≥20/400), visual field's MD value (≤−15), OCT's EZ integrity, parafoveal OCTA features, and straylight value (≥1.66) are possible prognostic factors in predicting VA after cataract surgery in RP cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of smoking on retinal thickness and macular and peripapillary vascular density in thyroid eye disease (TED).Methods: In this cross-sectional study, subjects diagnosed with TED were analyzed in three groups: smokers, passive smokers, and non-smokers. Ganglion cell complex thickness, total retinal thickness, macular superficial vascular plexus densities, deep vascular plexus densities, optic nerve head, and radial peripapillary capillary density were measured in each group.Results: Twenty-two eyes (21.6%) of active smokers, 11 eyes (10.8%) of passive smokers, and 69 eyes (67.6%) of non-smokers constitute the study subjects. Twenty-one eyes (12.6%) had active status (clinical activity score ≥3), 77 eyes (46.1%) were neither active nor compressive, four eyes (2.4%) of two patients constituted the compressive group. Age and disease activity adjusted analysis was performed. Ganglion cell complex thickness of smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers in the inferior hemi-parafoveal sector (p = 0.04). Active smokers had significantly higher (p < 0.01) retinal thickness in all sectors compared to non-smokers, except the foveal sector. Smokers had lower superficial vessel density in the superior parafoveal sector compared to non-smokers (p = 0.04). Considering deep vessel densities between smokers and non-smokers, no significantdifference was observed. Radial peripapillary capillary densities (significant difference was observed in the whole image and infranasal peripapillary sector), Macular vascular densities (significant difference was observed in parafoveal sectors), and optic nerve head (not reaching statistical significance level in any sectors) were highest in passive smokers. Conclusions: Smoking is associated with increased total retinal thickness. Macular vascular densities were not different between smokers and non-smokers in TED.

This cross-sectional study was designed to assess alterations of choroidal and retinal microvasculature in patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) and compare them with a normal age and sex-matched population. Fifty-two eyes of 26 patients with HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] < 40%) and 64 eyes of 32 healthy individuals were considered as the patient and the control groups, respectively. We found no statistically significant differences in age-adjusted mean central macular thickness (CMT), superficial or deep retinal capillary plexus vascular densities, and choriocapillaris flow (CC flow) density between the HFrEF group and the normal controls, with the exception of the parafoveal mean superficial capillary plexus vascular density (P = 0.023), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for age (P = 0.034). The patients with HFrEF had a significantly lower subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) than the normal subjects (264 ± 82 vs 313 ± 72; P = 0.009), and the difference was still statistically significant after age adjustment (P = 0.026). Although choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was lower in the HFrEF group than in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant before and after age adjustment (73.45 ± 6.67 vs 75.77 ± 5.92; P = 0.118 and P = 0.096, respectively). In conclusion, in patients with HFrEF, we observed a reduction in parafoveal retinal VD in the superficial capillary plexus, as well as SFCT, but no significant change in CVI, CMT, or CC flow density.

This cross-sectional study designed to assess alterations of choroidal and retinal microvasculature in patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) and compare them with a normal age-matched population. Fifty-two eyes of 26 patients with HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] < 40%) and 64 eyes of 32 healthy individuals considered as the patient and the control groups, respectively. The whole image, foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal age-adjusted mean superficial and deep capillary plexus VD showed statistically significant differences between the HFrEF group and the normal controls (P = 0.007, P = 0.000, P = 0.006, and P = 0.026, respectively). The patients with HFrEF had a significantly lower subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) than the normal subjects (264 ± 82 vs 313 ± 72, respectively; P = 0.009), and the difference was still statistically significant after age adjustment (P = 0.004). Although choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was lower in the HFrEF group than in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant before and after age adjustment (73.45 ± 6.67 vs 75.77 ± 5.92, respectively; P = 0.118 and P = 0.098, respectively). In conclusion, in patients with HFrEF, we observed a reduction in retinal VD in both the superficial and deep capillary plexuses, as well as SFCT, but no significant change in CVI.