Infectious keratitis: trends in microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity patterns

Soleimani, Mohammad; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Ali; Masoumi, Ahmad; Mirshahi, Reza; Ghahvechian, Hossein; Tayebi, Fereshteh; Momenaei, Bita; Mahdizad, Zahra; Mohammadi, Soheil

doi:10.1038/s41433-020-01378-w

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Bacterial keratitis is the second most common cause of legal blindness worldwide [ 25 ]. Although broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as levofloxacin, have always been used to control BK, more targeted treatment was required to improve the clinical outcomes [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Global Bacterial Keratitis: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Bacterial keratitis (BK) is the most common type of infectious keratitis. The spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics varied with the different regions. A meta-analysis was conducted to review the global culture rate, distribution, current trends, and drug susceptibility of isolates from BK over the past 20 years (2000–2020). Four databases were searched, and published date was limited between 2000 and 2020. Main key words were “bacterial keratitis”, “culture results” and “drug resistance”. Forty-two studies from twenty-one countries (35 cities) were included for meta-analysis. The overall positive culture rate was 47% (95%CI, 42–52%). Gram-positive cocci were the major type of bacteria (62%), followed by Gram-negative bacilli (30%), Gram-positive bacilli (5%), and Gram-negative cocci (5%). Staphylococcus spp. (41.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (17.0%), Streptococcus spp. (13.1%), Corynebacterium spp. (6.6%) and Moraxella spp. (4.1%) were the most common bacterial organism. The antibiotic resistance pattern analysis revealed that most Gram-positive cocci were susceptive to aminoglycoside (86%), followed by fluoroquinolone (81%) and cephalosporin (79%). Gram-negative bacilli were most sensitive to cephalosporin (96%) and fluoroquinolones (96%), followed by aminoglycoside (92%). In Gram-positive cocci, the susceptibility trends of fluoroquinolones were decreasing since 2010. Clinics should pay attention to the changing trends of pathogen distribution and their drug resistance pattern and should diagnose and choose sensitive antibiotics based on local data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Global Bacterial Keratitis: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Microorganisms induce excess and uncontrolled inflammation as well as corneal epithelial defects, resulting in corneal haze, ulcers, perforations, and vision loss [ 54 ]. Infectious keratitis is treated using topical applications of antibiotics (e.g., chloramphenicol and levofloxacin), antifungal (e.g., voriconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, and natamycin), and antiviral eye drops (e.g., acyclovir and derivatives) [ 44 , 55 , 56 ]. However, prolonged use of antibiotics, antifungal agents, and antiviral agents elicits resistance from microorganisms which has become a global problem [ 55 , 57 ].…”

Section: Relevance Of Pyroptosis In Corneal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial infections can lead to corneal perforation or blindness. Studies from Taiwan and Iran have shown that P. aeruginosa is the most common pathogen in young patients with bacterial keratitis, while S. pneumoniae is the most prevalent pathogen in elderly patients [ 55 ]. Clinically, P. aeruginosa and S. pneumoniae keratitis progress rapidly, resulting in corneal injury, including corneal epithelial defects, ulcers, suppurative infiltration of the stroma, neovascularization, perforation, and vision loss [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Relevance Of Pyroptosis In Corneal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles and Mechanisms of Regulated Necrosis in Corneal Diseases: Progress and Perspectives

Lin

Chen

Cissé

et al. 2022

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Regulated necrosis is defined as cell death characterized by loss of the cell membrane integrity and release of the cytoplasmic content. It contributes to the development and progression of some diseases, including ischemic stroke injury, liver diseases, hypertension, and cancer. Various forms of regulated necrosis, particularly pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of corneal disease. Regulated necrosis of corneal cells enhances inflammatory reactions in the adjacent corneal tissues, leading to recurrence and aggravation of corneal disease. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis in corneal diseases and discuss the roles of regulated necrosis in inflammation regulation, tissue repair, and corneal disease outcomes.

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“…Notably, the antibiotics used act on not only major pathogens but also all flora on the ocular surface, which has an influence on both the composition and antibiotic resistance of the whole ocular surface microbiome. Although several studies have reported the spectra and trends of isolated microorganisms and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of IK ( 24 – 27 ), the effect of antibiotic use on the resistance of the whole ocular surface microbiome in KPs has received little attention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study revealing the impact of antibiotic use on the ocular surface resistome of KPs based on metagenomic sequencing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Ocular Surface Microbiome in Keratitis Patients after Repeated Ophthalmic Antibiotic Exposure

Kang

Tian

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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Infectious keratitis: trends in microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity patterns

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Pathogens and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Global Bacterial Keratitis: A Meta-Analysis

Pathogens and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Global Bacterial Keratitis: A Meta-Analysis

Roles and Mechanisms of Regulated Necrosis in Corneal Diseases: Progress and Perspectives

Characterization of the Ocular Surface Microbiome in Keratitis Patients after Repeated Ophthalmic Antibiotic Exposure

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