Characterization of the Ocular Surface Microbiome in Keratitis Patients after Repeated Ophthalmic Antibiotic Exposure

Kang, Yutong; Tian, Leihao; Gu, Xiaobin; Chen, Yi–Ju; Ma, Xueli; Lin, Shudan; Li, Zhenjun; Lou, Yongliang; Zheng, Meiqin

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02162-21

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…It was already proven that empirical antibiotic treatment in eye infections, such as keratitis, leads to an increase in the antibiotic resistome profile of the ocular surface microbiota [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potency of Netilmicin against Staphylococci Compared to Other Ophthalmic Antibiotics

Roccaro¹,

Spoto²,

Rosa³

et al. 2023

Eye Diseases - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Therapeutic Options

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Netilmicin is a potent and safe antibiotic with a very low incidence of resistance used as a topical ophthalmic medication in bacterial ocular infections. The aim of this study was to compare netilmicin’s Quotient of Inhibitions (QIs) and killing kinetics vs Staphylococci with other ophthalmic antimicrobials. Conjunctival and corneal QIs of netilmicin formulations, in single and multiple doses of administration, were compared with those of tobramycin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin and azithromycin preparations. The same analysis was performed in human tears, comparing netilmicin eye drops solution with tobramycin ofloxacin and levofloxacin. Furthermore, killing kinetics against Staphylococci (ATCC strains and ocular isolates) of the above-cited antibiotics, as well as chloramphenicol, were compared at different time points. QI results showed that in the conjunctiva, netilmicin, in both single and multiple doses of administration, is highly effective against all staphylococcal strains tested, while in the cornea it was particularly active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococci strains. Moreover, in human tears, netilmicin eye drops solution showed a more favourable QI against Staphylococci than tobramycin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin all in single-dose administration regimen. Killing kinetic results showed that netilmicin has a great bactericidal activity vs all the microbe strains tested as netilmicin showed to be almost the most active antibiotic. Results suggest that netilmicin has one of the most favourable killing kinetic and tissue inhibitory effects against Staphylococci than the principal ophthalmic antibiotics on the market.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potency of Netilmicin against Staphylococci Compared to Other Ophthalmic Antibiotics

Roccaro¹,

Spoto²,

Rosa³

et al. 2023

Eye Diseases - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Therapeutic Options

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“…Only one case of endogenous necrotizing scleritis following A. oryzae meningitis was reported in 1982 [12]. Moreover, A. oryzae infection was referred in rare cases of infective keratitis [5,6]. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case described of A. oryzae exogenous fungal endophthalmitis [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Pathogenic Aspergillus oryzae Acute Exogenous Endophthalmitis after Penetrating Keratoplasty: The First Case Report in the Literature

Mosca,

Guccione,

Toro

et al. 2023

Case Rep Ophthalmol

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The authors report a singular case of post-operative exogenous fungal endophthalmitis caused by a non-pathogenic fungal agent: Aspergillus oryzae. A 75-year-old Caucasian woman with post-penetrating keratoplasty fungal endophthalmitis due to a nonpathogenic A. oryzae, resistant to the current azoles anti-fungal agents, was treated with subtotal vitrectomy, intravitreal injection, and systemic voriconazole therapy. Complete resolution of the endophthalmitis occurred after two subsequent intravitreal injections and a 2-month-long systemic delivery of voriconazole. The quick identification of the fungal agent allowed immediate and targeted therapy. In the article, the safety and efficacy of both systemic and intravitreal voriconazole treatments are discussed.

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“…Healthy subjects were defined as subjects who had no ocular surgery, allergy or type of ocular inflammation, use of contact lens, ocular surface diseases, meibomian gland dysfunction, did not take any antibiotic doses in the past 6 months, and did not take any tablet for systemic diseases (since this fact could change the ocular microbiota), a BMI index between 18.5 and 24.9, and no hyperglycemia blood levels [ 26 ]. All those patients who were considered healthy and met the requirements were invited to participate in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes are the dominant phyla on the OS. The most common taxa at the genus level are Pseudomonas , Propionibacterium , Bradyrhizobium, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter , Brevundimonas, Staphylococci , Aquabacterium , Sphingomonas , Streptococcus , Streptophyta, and Methylobacterium , although potential contamination may have influenced their identification [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Healthy Eye Microbiota Niche in a Multicenter Study

Borroni

Paytuví-Gallart

Sanseverino

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Purpose: This study aims to explore and characterize healthy eye microbiota. Methods: Healthy subjects older than 18 years were selected for this descriptive cross-sectional study. Samples were collected with an eSwab with 1 mL of Liquid Amies Medium (Copan Brescia, Italy). Following DNA extraction, libraries preparation, and amplification, PCR products were purified and end-repaired for barcode ligation. Libraries were pooled to a final concentration of 26 pM. Template preparation was performed with Ion Chef according to Ion 510, Ion 520, and Ion 530 Kit-Chef protocol. Sequencing of the amplicon libraries was carried out on a 520 or 530 chip using the Ion Torrent S5 system (Thermo Fisher; Waltham, MA, USA). Raw reads were analyzed with GAIA (v 2.02). Results: Healthy eye microbiota is a low-diversity microbiome. The vast majority of the 137 analyzed samples were highly enriched with Staphylococcus, whereas only in a few of them, other genera such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium predominate. We found an average of 88 genera with an average Shannon index of 0.65. Conclusion: We identified nine different ECSTs. A better understanding of healthy eye microbiota has the potential to improve disease diagnosis and personalized regimens to promote health.

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Characterization of the Ocular Surface Microbiome in Keratitis Patients after Repeated Ophthalmic Antibiotic Exposure

Abstract: Treatment for keratitis is based on appropriate antimicrobial therapy. A direct correlation between antibiotic use and the extent of antibiotic resistance has been reported.

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Potency of Netilmicin against Staphylococci Compared to Other Ophthalmic Antibiotics

Potency of Netilmicin against Staphylococci Compared to Other Ophthalmic Antibiotics

Non-Pathogenic Aspergillus oryzae Acute Exogenous Endophthalmitis after Penetrating Keratoplasty: The First Case Report in the Literature

Exploring the Healthy Eye Microbiota Niche in a Multicenter Study

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