The waste-to-wealth concept aims to promote a future sustainable lifestyle where waste valorization is seen not only for its intrinsic benefits to the environment but also to develop new technologies, livelihoods and jobs.

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The immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on stainless-steel mesh entails two steps via deposition of graphene oxide (GO) on the stainless-steel mesh (mesh-GO) by electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and preparation of Pd NPs by laser ablation in liquids (LAL).

The carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds catalytic formation is among the most significant reactions in organic synthesis which extensively applied for synthesis of natural products, heterocycles, dendrimers, biologically active molecules and useful compounds. This review provides the latest advances in the preparation of graphene supported metal nanoparticles and their application in the catalytic formation of both carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds including the Suzuki, Heck, Hiyama, Ullmann, Buchwald and Sonogashira coupling reactions. Numerous examples are given concerning the use of these catalysts in C-C and C-X coupling reactions along with the reliable and simple preparation methods of these catalysts, their characterization and catalytic properties and also the recycling possibilities.

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