The rising rate of divorce in modern Iranian society indicates its importance. This study aims to investigate the causes of divorce in the marriage phase from the viewpoint of couples who have been referred to family courts. To do so, in a qualitative design and based on the content analysis approach, 57 people who had been referred to family courts were selected through a purposive sampling method and were studied through semistructured interviews. The data analysis was conducted according to the conventional content method. The results indicated three components as the chief reasons for divorce in the marriage phase: personal problems, the style of communication with one's spouse, and social issues. With respect to the important portion of dysfunctional relationships with the spouse in divorce cases, these results emphasize the need for premarital counseling and life skills training for couples.

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Compassionate love is beneficial in a variety of domains, including in education, health, and law, as well as in people’s personal lives. The topic of compassionate love has therefore attracted growing interest from researchers interested in its psychological and social dimensions. Given the importance of compassion to the education and health sectors, and the expansion of these sectors in Iran, this paper aims to provide Persian (Farsi) speaking practitioners and researchers with an effective instrument for measuring compassion. As such, the authors have translated the compassionate love for humanity scale-short form (CLS-H-SF) into the Persian language, and assessed the psychometric properties of this instrument among a sample of the Iranian population. A sample of 827 adults (49.9% women and 51.1% men) completed the Persian version of the CLS-H-SF through an online survey. Concurrent validity was assessed using the Persian versions of the positive and negative affect scale, self-esteem scale, and satisfaction with life scale. The CLS-H-SF positively correlated with positive affect, self-esteem and life satisfaction, and negatively correlated with negative affect. These findings indicate acceptable concurrent validity for the CLS-H-SF. Cronbach’s alpha for the scale was 0.88, indicating good internal consistency between items. A confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor model same as the English version of the CLS-H-SF. The findings of this study showed the Persian version of CLS-H-SF had acceptable validity and reliability in assessing compassionate love for humanity in Iranian adults.