Abstract. Ikhsan Z, Hidrayani, Yaherwandi, Hamid H. 2020. The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1020-1026. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders and it plays a vital role in human life as pollinators, parasitoids, and predators. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important as agents of biological control of pest. The objective of this research was to study the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Samplings were conducted in 3 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely Batang Tuaka, Keritang and Reteh, using four trapping techniques (i.e. insect net, malaise trap, pitfall trap, and yellow pan trap). Shannon diversity index (H '), Krebs evenness index (E), and Jaccard similarity index (Is) were calculated. We found 4,701 individuals consisting of 39 families and 319 species of Hymenoptera at the three studied areas. Tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir District had a high species diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids and Hymenoptera predators, but a moderate species diversity of Hymenoptera pollinators. Species diversity and evenness of Hymenoptera parasitoids and predators were higher in Keritang than in Batang Tuaka and Reteh. The families of Formicidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Scelionidae had the highest number of species, while Formicidae, Scelionidae, Diapriidae, and Braconidae had the highest number of individuals. Based on these findings, the abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera insects in Indragiri Hilir District have the potentials to be developed as biological agents to control pests on tidal swamp rice in this area.

Hymenoptera parasitoids are potential as biological agents for controlling insect pests of rice plant. Diversity of hymenoptera parasitoids was studied in low and high land rice plant in west Sumatra. Objective of research was to obtain information about diversity and equity of hymenoptera parasitoids in ecosystem of low and high land rice. A survey was conducted using purposive random sampling. Collection of insects was done using insects net and yellow pan traps. The number of hymenoptera parasitoids found in rice plant in the lowland was 114 individuals which belonged to 10 families and 29 species, and in highland there were 112 individuals which belonged to 13 families and 31 species. Diversity and evenness index of hymenoptera parasitoid species were slightly higher in highland (3.198 and 0.922) compared to low land (3.029 and 0.890)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the primary food crop commodities in Indonesia. The need for rice is always increasing every year, so efforts are needed to increase rice production. One of the things that can inhibit the rice production was weeds. The first step to control weed was identifying the type of weeds. This study aims was to identify the dominance of weeds found in tidal paddy fields in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The study was conducted on tidal land owned by farmers in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The study was conducted at four locations, namely in the districts of Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh, and Tembilahan Hulu. The research was carried out using a survey and exploration methods. The results revealed that 12 families consisted of 20 species of weeds in the tidal land rice plantations of Indragiri downstream. Based on the Taxonomy, there are seven species of monocot weeds and 13 dicotyledons. Based on the morphology, there are 12 species of broadleaf weeds, five species of grasses weeds, two species of fern weeds, and one species of Cyperaceae weeds. Ageratum conyzoides and Imperata cylindrica species are the most dominant weeds in rice plantations with an SDR (Summed Dominance Ratio) of 9.57% each.

Indonesia has a high diversity of ant species, but much remains unreported. In agricultural habitats, ants can act as predators, decomposers, and bioindicators for agricultural ecosystems health. This research aimed to study the species diversity of Formicidae on tidal swamp rice fields in Indragiri Hilir District. Sampling was carried out in two periods of rice planting. Samples were conducted in 4 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely BatangTuaka, Keritang, Reteh, and Tembilahan Hulu, using four sampling techniques (i.e., insect net, malaise trap, yellow pan trap, and pitfall trap). Diversity index (H ), Species richness index (d), Species Evenness index (J), and Similarity Index (Is) were calculated. We found 5,754 individuals consisting of 5 subfamilies and 43 species of Formicidae at the four studied areas. Subfamily Myrmicinaehas the highest individual abundance, 2.578 individuals, followed by subfamily Formicinae1.823 individuals, subfamily Ponerinae 776 individuals, subfamily Dolichoderinae 575 individuals, and subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae 2 individuals. Diversity of plant species and environmental factors can affect the diversity index, species abundance, and abundance of individual Ants.

Oil palm farmers in Dharmasraya District always strive to increase oil palm production and productivity. The biotic factors can affect the presence of Hymenoptera insects. Most of the Hymenoptera insects are parasites. The research aimed to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids in oil palm plantations in young oil palm plantations (2-3 years old) and older oil palms (5-20 years old) in Dharmasraya District. Sample points were determined using the transect line method on the land. Sampling was carried out using three traps: 1) yellow pan traps, 2) malaise traps, and 3) Sweep net. The analysis was carried out by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), the Margalef species richness index (D), the Pielou species evenness index(J), the Jaccard similarity index (Is), and the estimated species richness of Hymenoptera parasitoid. Hymenoptera parasitoids found at the research sites were 1,267 individuals consisting of 23 families and 142 morphospecies. Two young oil palm plantations have a higher diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids (4.15; 4.24) than older oil palm plantations (3.51; 3.86). The Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Scelionidae families dominated the abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids. Young oil palm plantations have a higher diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids than older oil palm plantations.

Jeruk merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang layak untuk dikembangkan karena dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pendapatan yang menguntungkan bagi petani. Upaya peningkatan produksi tanaman jeruk tidak terlepas dari masalah Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) yang mengakibatkan menurunnya produksi. Lalat buah merupakan hama paling penting yang mengganggu produksi budidaya tanaman jeruk di Sungkai. Kegiatan penyuluhan dan monitoring pengelolaan hama terpadu lalat buah pada pertanaman jeruk di daerah Sungkai Kota Padang. Metode yang diterapkan dalam penyuluhan pengelolaan hama terpadu (PHT) lalat buah ini adalah dengan pelatihan dan Focus Group Discussion serta pembuatan demplot percontohan. Peserta kegiatan penyuluhan pengelolaan hama terpadu lalat buah adalah yaitu anggota Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian Pedesaan Swadaya (P4S) Sungkai Permai, Kelompok Tani Sungkai Permai, Bukik Bulek dan Pulau Indah serta seluruh masyarakat di daerah Sungkai. Teknik PHT yang digunakan untuk menurunkan serangan hama lalat buah di Sungkai adalah pembersihan lahan (sanitasi). Pencegahan serangan hama lalat buah dengan sanitasi mempunyai keuntungan rendahnya biaya operasi, dan pengaruh atau bahaya terhadap kesehatan pekerja dan lingkungan sangat rendah. Dengan membersihkan sisa-sisa tanaman tersebut berarti kita memutus siklus hidup hama, sehingga dapat mengurangi populasi hama. Melalui penyuluhan ini, petani mengetahui dan memahami cara pelaksanaan sanitasi lahan sebagai teknik pengendalian hama lalat buah. Selain itu, petani jeruk di Sungkai juga telah memiliki demplot percontohan lapang teknik sanitasi lahan pertanaman jeruk untuk mengurangi serangan hama lalat buah.

Background: Indragiri Hilir District has the most extensive rice harvest area and is the most significant contributor to rice production in Riau Province. Family Chalcididae is a parasitoid insect that can act as a biological agent to reduce pest attacks on rice. This research aimed to study the species diversity of Chalcididae on tidal swamp rice fields in Indragiri Hilir District. Methods: Sampling was carried out in two periods of rice planting. Samplings were conducted in 4 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh and Tembilahan Hulu, using three sampling techniques (i.e., insect net, malaise trap and yellow pan trap). Diversity index (H’), Species richness index (d), Species Evenness index (J’) and Similarity Index (Is) were calculated. Result: We found 127 individuals consisting of 5 genera and 11 species of Chalcididae were found in the four studied areas. Among them, Antrocephalus lugubris, A. maculipennis, Brachymeria excarinata, B. minuta and Dirhinus anthracia. B. excarinata and Antrocephalus sp. are reported as a new record to Indonesia and were found in all study locations. B. excarinata has the highest abundance of individuals. The shape of the landscape can influence the diversity index, species abundance and individual abundance of Chalcididae.

Abstract. Ikhsan Z. 2022. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid species in rice cultivation and their correlation with environmental factors in tidal swamp land. Biodiversitas 23: 2262-2269. Environmental factors can affect biodiversity in a landscape. Differences in microclimate conditions can affect the presence of parasitic Hymenoptera in rice cultivation. This study investigated: (i) Landscape structure and microclimate on tidal swamp rice; (ii) Diversity and abundance of parasitic Hymenoptera; (iii) Correlation of parasitic Hymenoptera with their landscapes and microclimate. Determination of sample plots was made using the line transect method in rice cultivation in four tidal swampland landscapes. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), the Margalef species richness index (D), and the Pielou species evenness index. The relationship between parasitic Hymenoptera and environmental factors was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and canonical correlation analysis. Based on the diversity index (H'), three rice fields in complex landscapes had a higher diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid species than simple landscapes. The presence of Parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice can be affected by the landscape's structure and microclimates. Humidity is the microclimate variable that most influences the abundance of Parasitic Hymenoptera in the tidal swamp landscape. Good microclimate management is needed to increase the presence of Parasitic Hymenoptera in tidal swamp rice.