Educational mismatch in skills that graduates possess and market requires creates barriers for organizations as well as for job seekers. The study was conducted to find out the educational mismatch between graduates possessed skills and market demands. Convenient sampling was carried out and data were collected from 200 graduates of economics studying in universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Further, 32 employers of various organizations at Sargodha, Pakistan were also included from whom requisite skills in market was investigated. The statistical techniques t-test and percentage of responses were employed to analyze the data. Analysis shows that there exists difference between graduates possessed skills and employers demand. There also exists difference between achievement level of students and achievement level demanded by employers. Further, it was found that there was a significant difference between skills possessed by male and female, and between high and low achiever graduates in economics. Also significant difference exists in skills graduates possess who are in jobs either full-time or part-time. The study concludes that communication, strategic thinking, abstraction and research skills are the main causes of educational mismatch.
In today's world knowledge is considered as an engine of economy of a country. Any mismatch in knowledge that BackgroundThe term Educational mismatch is defined as the lack of coherence between required and offered educational level for a given job (Allen & Van der Velden, 2001). The incidence of educational mismatch is one of the elements used to estimate the effectiveness of qualifications. Educational mismatch arises in the form of over education (i.e. workers have more education than is required for their jobs) or under education (i.e. workers have less education than is required for their jobs). Vertical mismatch of education (mismatch of level of education and job) is not the only form of educational mismatch. Another important form of mismatch is horizontal mismatch (i.e. mismatch of field of study and job).The abilities, skills, attitudes and knowledge owned by workers, which is their qualification, may be lower or higher than those required in their jobs. When this takes place, the worker is said to be mismatched in qualification: underqualified, when his/her qualification is below that required in his/her job, and over-qualified, when that exceeds the requirement. Over-education/over-qualification is a relative phenomenon. A person over-educated/over-qualified in one job may not be in another job. Overeducated workers are defined as those whose educational attainments exceed to the requirements of education in a particular occupation. Women have more probability of being over educated as compared to men (Richard, 2011). The people having disabilities have less probability of being over educated (Malo, 2005).Graduates who do not possess the knowledge equivalent to their qualification level suffer from educational mismatch as well as from over education. This is due to a gap between required and acquired knowledge. Moreover, knowledge plays a crucial role in the development of the policies and plans. Deficit in the knowledge causes failure of the economy to develop the appropriate policies for the growth of the country. Over education is considered as a basic determinant of educational mismatch. In earlier studies educational mismatch is perceived as temporary phenomena (Quintano, Castellano and Agostino, 2008). The empirical text in various developed regions has mainly focused the overeducation' which range from 10 percent to 40 percent in various developed countries (Malo, 2005). The phenomenon of over-education is generally assessed by comparing the education acquired by each worker with that required by his/her current job, and, as a result, workers are typically classified into overeducated, undereducated, and adequately educated.Knowledge is the first requirement for getting any job. The students who have sufficient knowledge of their field of study have more probability of employability. If the students do not possess knowledge equivalent to their degree then they are not considered eligible for that job. This is the reason behind over-education. Students who are suffering from
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