Dexmedetomidine decreased bleeding, postoperative analgesic requirements and intraoperative anaesthetic requirements and was associated with more stable haemodynamic responses to anaesthesia. We conclude that dexmedetomidine is a useful adjuvant to decrease bleeding when a bloodless surgical field is requested.

No abstract

Selective LT was followed by an immediate increase in the aqueous humour LPO concentration and decreases of SOD and GST in the rabbit, probably due to photovaporization and photodisruption caused by the frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The increased aqueous LPO levels suggest that free oxygen radicals are formed in the pigmented trabecular meshwork during LT, and may be responsible for the inflammatory complications of this procedure.

Avian haemosporidians are common vector-borne blood parasites that have been reported in birds all over the world. Investigations of avian haemosporidian parasites are conducted mainly on passerine birds. However, studies that focus on non-passerine avian hosts are important for our understanding of the true diversity, host specificity and genetic variability among these widespread parasites. In the present study, blood samples from a total of 22 raptor birds belonging to two orders, two families and six species from the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey were investigated for three genera of avian haemosporidians (Plasmodium Marchiafava et Celli, 1885, Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890 and Leucocytozoon Sambon, 1908) using a combination of microscopic examination of blood films and nested PCR targeting the parasite mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt-b). In total, six individual raptor birds identified positive for species of Plasmodium or Leucocytozoon and one individual was found co-infected with all three haemosporidian genera. We identified five parasite cyt-b haplotypes, three of which were reported for the first time. Among these, one Plasmodium haplotype is linked to a corresponding morphospecies (P-TURDUS1, Plasmodium circumflexum Kikuth, 1931). All haplotypes were clearly distinguishable in phylogenetic analyses. As one of the first studies to investigate blood parasites from non-passerine birds in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, this study provides important new information on the phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites from raptor birds. We discuss these findings in the context of avian haemosporidian host-parasite relationships and we draw attention to the need for microscopy to detect parasite sexual development stages in surveys of avian haemosporidians.

Thiopental and propofol, especially thiopental, are more effective to protect renal I/R injury.

In this animal model of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, laparoscopy caused renal ischemia as evidenced by elevated markers of tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury. This effect was significantly attenuated by post-laparoscopy conditioning, zinc, pentoxifylline, and N-acetylcysteine, but not by pre-laparoscopy conditioning.

Introduction: Invasive methods currently applied to the respiratory tract may result in impaired movement of the cricoarytenoid joint with hoarseness and immobility of the vocal ligament. Hoarseness after tracheal intubation is reported as a high incidence in patients who receive general anaesthesia. In most cases, the symptoms are temporary and improve within several days. We report this case for emphasizing that early diagnosis of arytenoid cartilage dislocation is important even in nontraumatic cases.

This case report concerns a four-year-old female Siamese cat which presented with inappetence, vomiting and weight loss. During routine clinical examinations of the patient, numerous neoplastic masses were detected in the liver, lungs and abdomen. Upon a request from the owner, the cat was euthanised. At necropsy, the primary tumour was detected in the liver. The tumour was greyish-white, firm, and multi-nodular. There were metastases in the portal lymph nodes, diaphragm, omentum, colon, caecum and lungs. Histologically, the tumour was characterised by a tubular pattern with periodic acid-Schiff-positive secretory material in glandular and canal structures. The neoplastic cells were positive to broad-spectrum cytokeratin. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were consistent with an intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. This is the first case to report the metastasis of a cholangiocellular carcinoma to the colon in cats.