First reported in China, the coronavirus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to 213 countries and territories around the world as of April 26, 2020. This study was designed to explore COVID-19 trends in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), with a particular focus on Pakistan. Daily reports and updates from the Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination COVID-19 Pakistan and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control were collected and study-specific data were extracted and analyzed. Our analysis revealed that, as of April 26, 2020, a total of 22 countries and territories in the EMR have reported COVID-19 cases. Iran had the highest number of cases (89,329) followed by Saudi Arabia (16,299), Pakistan (12,723), and the United Arab Emirates (9,813). Egypt (7.1%), Iran (6.3%), and Iraq (4.9%) had high case fatality rates; Lebanon (3.4%) and Pakistan (2.1%) had moderate case fatality rates; Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates had low case fatality rates of 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively. Iran (76.3%) and Iraq (69.4 %) had the highest recovery rate followed by Pakistan (22.5%), the United Arab Emirates (19.2%), and Saudi Arabia (13.6%). If the current trend continues, based on the susceptible, infected, recovered (SIR) epidemiological model, we predict that EMR countries might experience a surge in the number of COVID-19 cases, resulting in as many as 2.12 million cases in Iran, 0.58 million in Saudi Arabia, and 0.51 million in Pakistan by June 20, 2020. Pakistan is the most populated country in the EMR and was the third most-affected country in terms of the number of cases with moderate case fatality and recovery rates. We predict that Pakistan's weak healthcare system would not be able to sustain care if there is an explosive increase in the number of cases due to insufficient and inconsistent disease prevention and control policies. The best strategy for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic is to strictly follow recommendations based on epidemiological principles.
Our study found a positive association between father's involvement in maternal health and factors such as paternal education level, age, income level and father's attitude. Fathers' antenatal involvement was associated with paternal age and income level, while their perinatal involvement was associated with paternal age and education level. Our study on father's attitude toward presence at time of birth showed 83.8% compliance. Similarly, there was 67.1% compliance for presence during antenatal checkups.
BACKGROUND The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) originated in the central Chinese city, Wuhan by end of December 2019.Pakistan reported its first 2 confirmed cases,on26th February 2020 linked to travel history of Iran. OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to see the trend of covid infection growth and doubling time in Pakistan from an early containment state to much belated exponential rise pattern . METHODS This study is based on analysis of the publicly available data on COVID-19 from Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination covid-19 dashboard and National Institute Health Islamabad(NIH) situation reports from 26th Feb to 30th March2020. RESULTS A total of 1875 COVID-19 patients has been reported with 25 deaths,11 critically ill and 58 recoveries. Punjab has highest number of confirmed cases (593)Sindh(508),Khyber Pakhtun Khawa (195) Baluchistan(144)Gilgit Baltistan(128),Islamabad Capital territory (51) Azad Jammu Kashmir (6). Majority of effected patients are male(64%).Iran Zairian are making 49% of positive patents Local transmission cases stands at 29%.Daily cases surge is 12.3% increase per day. 30th March 2020 witnessing highest reported cases so far (240 new Cases). Pakistan reached its first 100 confirmed cases on 16th March,2020,20 days after first reported case. The case doubling time was 3 days initially after first cases then it was reported as three days and then five days till 30th March 2020 CONCLUSIONS Grave mishandling, lack of quarantine facility and limited testing capacity at Taftan border crossing resulted in importation of virus in country.Cumulative confirmed case count in Pakistan is still in sub-exponential growth pattern. Stringent risk mitigation measures by provinces and Federal being implemented have resulted in slow rate of infection growth with reduced infection doubling rate in days. Pakistan with limited testing capacity of 2000-3000 tests per day needs Extremely comprehensive testing regime is required to halt the community transmission leading to exponential increase in cases.
BACKGROUND: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is a disease of developing countries where it inflects significant burden dis-proportionality. We investigated the role of socio-economic and environmental risk factors for RHD. METHODS:· This was descriptive cross-sectional conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad by including the patients coming to cardiology out door patient department through convenient sampling technique. Study was approved from ethical committee of Pakistan institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad and written consent was taken prior to start the interview. RESULTS: In this study, the average age of patient with rheumatic heart disease was 29.4 years, male predominance of patients was observed. 67% of subjects had income below Rs. 20,000. Average BMI of subjects was 22.4±4.04. It was observed that 75.25 % of people lived in houses with an area of less than 5 marla. Average area of house was found to be 5.12±2.8 marla. Overcrowding was noticed in 60.8 % of the subjects. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of RHD and Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) in Pakistan. The major findings of this study were that Overcrowding, poor hygienic conditions, low socio-economic status, are major risk factors for RHD. In order to address this alarming situation, platforms like Pakistan Pediatric Cardiac Society and Pakistan Pediatric Association need to be mobilized for health promotion regarding awareness of the disease.
Background: We conducted this study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical research journals and article reading among medical students, to point out factors contributing to perceived barriers towards this activity and to investigate the effect of research seminars, workshops, motivation and mentorship of medical students. Methods: A medical college based experimental study was carried out in two phases, in which second, third- and fourth-year medical students attending the lectures of community medicine were enrolled. A well-structured questionnaire was used to assess the attitude of students, towards research-based activities. Based on the results, the students who showed lack of interest towards research were divided into two groups, experimental and control for the second phase of the study and were subjected to the final questionnaire, the results were then recorded and the data was analyzed using statistical techniques. Results: 226 students recruited for the first part of the study, showed lack of motivation, guidance, mentorship, and curriculum overload as significant factors affecting their research activities. Whereas in second part of the study, the experimental group showed an increase of 23 – 35 % in research activities after research mentorship programs as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The proper understanding of research was generally low among medical students. Lack of motivation, mentorship, and curriculum overload were among the leading factors affecting their attitude towards research. The motivational lectures, and mentorship programs proved very successful in improving student's knowledge about research and research-based activities.
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