The article deals with the issues of tectonic zoning of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic structures of Kazakhstan. The principles of tectonic zoning are outlined, on the basis of which the zoning and indexation of tectonic units of the territory of Kazakhstan was carried out. For this, various data of complex geological and geophysical analysis of Paleozoids were used, including tectonic, structural, stratigraphic, lithological-paleogeographic, petrographic, geodynamic and other studies. A geological and tectonic scheme (model) is proposed that reflects the main tectonic units that make up the structural framework of the Paleozoids of Kazakhstan, consisting of a crystalline basement on which the formation of sedimentary oil and gas basins took place. The main tectonic units of the earth's crust of the territory under consideration are identified and characterized, and the mosaic-block structure of the complexes is shown. The characteristic of the complex multi-stage evolution of the paleozoids of Kazakhstan and its oil and gas regions is given.
The features of geological and geodynamic formation of promising oil and gas basins of Southern Kazakhstan (Shu-Sarysu, Pre-Balkhash-Ili) are considered and the geological evolution of these basins is described, which is associated with the conditions of stable subsidence throughout the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic-Cainazoic. A model of the deep structure of the main structural units of Southern Kazakhstan (folded paleozoid base) and a cover of sedimentary basins along the profile of “Turkestan“are offered. As a result of interpreting geophysical data in the crustal section along the traverse of the profile, numerous gently sloping reflectors are described at depths from several kilometers to the Mohorovicic boundary. These reflecting planes in the regional section form a system of detachments that are associated with a system of gentle over thrusts and interformational disruptions, forming a system of intermittent packets of tectonic lenses folded by dynamometamorphic and metamorphic rocks. The position in the section of these tectonic lenses is an expression of the tectonic stratification of the earth’s crust. The characteristic of the main tectonic elements of this region (suture, accretion prisms, intraplate complexes, collision thrusts and shifts, etc.) is given. As initial reconstructions, various paleogeographic, paleotectonic and geodynamic constructions were used.
In the process of studying the Carboniferous-Permian section, rock samples were taken from two lithologic-stratigraphic sections of the Lower Carboniferous and Permian systems, from which the most representative rocks were selected, giving an idea of the material composition of the rocks of this stratigraphic section of the Shu-Sarysu depression. Further thermal and X-ray diffraction analyzes of these samples were carried out. Mineralogical interpretation of the analysis results showed the presence in the samples a number of formations, among which there are silicon oxides, feldspars, minerals of layered silicates, carbonates, etc. The method of localization of concentrated and dispersed forms of OM in the compositions of quartz formations is based on the laws of physical and ion sorption. Therefore, connection with the surface of crystals of other minerals is carried out mainly by means of underlying films made of secondary minerals of the group of phyllosilicates. In article shown that: 1) the packaging of OM in clay minerals takes place in the intergrid spaces of their layered structures or over the broken connections of the planes of the silicon-oxygen frame of montmorillonites and members of this series of minerals; 2) in limestones concentration of Corg takes place in micro pores, as well as in cracks and chips of monomineral forms of CaCO3; 3) the background content of the dispersed organic matter (DOM) in the Carboniferous-Permian section is uniformly distributed in the range 0.1-0.5%; 4) in terrigenous rocks, in which feldspars and clay minerals predominate, the DOM content reaches 2%; 5) the obtained data will be used to correct the forecast resources of the southwestern part of the Shu-Sarysu basin.
The article deals with exploration of the features of the material composition of the main oil and gas complex of the Shu-Sarysu basin. In the process of studying the Carboniferous-Permian section, rock samples were taken from two lithologicstratigraphic sections of the Lower Carboniferous and Permian systems, from which the most representative rocks were selected, giving an idea of the material composition of the rocks of this stratigraphic section of the Shu-Sarysu depression. Further thermal and X-ray diffraction analyzes of these samples were carried out. Mineralogical interpretation of the analysis results showed the presence in the samples a number of formations, among which there are silicon oxides, feldspars, minerals of layered silicates, carbonates, etc. The method of localization of concentrated and dispersed forms of OM in the compositions of quartz formations is based on the laws of physical and ion sorption. Therefore, connection with the surface of crystals of other minerals is carried out mainly by means of underlying films made of secondary minerals of the group of phyllosilicates. The article proves that: 1) the packaging of OM in clay minerals takes place in the intergrid spaces of their layered structures or over the broken connections of the planes of the silicon-oxygen frame of montmorillonites and members of this series of minerals; 2) in limestones concentration of Corg takes place in micro pores, as well as in cracks and chips of monomineral forms of СаСО3; 3) the background content of the dispersed organic matter (DOM) in the Carboniferous-Permian section is uniformly distributed in the range 0.1-0.5%; 4) in terrigenous rocks, in which feldspars and clay minerals predominate, the DOM content reaches 2%; 5) the obtained data will be used to correct the forecast resources of the southwestern part of the Shu-Sarysu basin.
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