The dynamics of hydroxyproline-proline (HYP-PRO) and hydroxylysine (HYL), as amino acids indicators of collagen, has been studied in fertilised eggs, embryos and fasting larvae of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Broodstocks of the two species were fed every second day with two types of diets: one containing sufficient ascorbate for a normal growth and the other with an extra addition of a very high dose (2000 mg kg − 1 feed) of coated L-ascorbic acid (AA). The collagen hydroxylation expressed as the HYP-PRO ratio, hydroxylysine (HYL1 and HYL2) and total ascorbate (TAA) concentrations were analysed in several embryonic and larvae developmental stages. TAA concentrations in the newly fertilised eggs and larvae resulted significantly higher in offspring of broodstocks fed an additional dose of 2000 mg AA/kg feed than in those fed a normal diet (P B 0.05 or PB 0.01). The differences in HYP -PRO ratio values between the groups fed AA-supplemented and unsupplemented diets, were significant for all the analysed stages, being higher in the supplemented groups. The values of HYL were higher, although not always significantly, for all the analysed stages, in offspring of the supplemented group, compared to the offspring of the unsupplemented one. In conclusion, a vitamin C dose of 2000 mg kg − 1 feed, delivered every second day to sea bass and gilthead sea bream broodstock, increases the collagen synthesis in embryos and fasting larvae, in comparison with a diet containing vitamin C at the recommended concentration for growth.
The objective of our study was to survey the accumulated 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM) in fillets of five important farmed fish species in Hungarian aquaculture in relation to MIB and GSM concentrations in water and sediment in the aquatic systems where they were raised: (the planktivorous silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), the bottom-feeding omnivorous common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the omnivorous tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the carnivorous African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)). Water, sediment and fish samples were collected from different experimental aquatic systems which included a combined aquaculture-algae (CAA) system, effluent-fed fishponds, a pond recycling system and a traditional fishpond. MIB and GSM contents were extracted with distillation-headspace solid-phase-microextraction (SPME) and extracts analysed by GC-MS. Results showed that off-flavour contents in fish fillets were related to the feeding habits of the studied fish species. Higher GSM concentrations were found in the fillet of bottom-feeding common carp than in the silver carp or African catfish in all studied aquatic systems. Usually, low GSM concentrations were detected in the water of fishponds but sometimes the levels of this odour compound in carp fillet were well above the limits of human detection. This suggests that the off-flavour tainting of common carp may originate from the sediment or benthic algallactinomycete sources. Negligible MIB levels were found in all samples in all of the studied aquatic systems.
The aim of our study was to survey the geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) concentrations of the sediment and that of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fl esh in three different Hungarian fi sh farms (clayey, marshy, and sodic ponds).Results showed that the concentrations of off-fl avour compounds of the sediment and fi sh fi llets were related to the natural environment. The GSM concentration of bottom soil samples was higher, than MIB in each fi sh farm. Both off-fl avour compounds were the highest in the marshy fi sh pond and the lowest in the sodic pond. In case of fi sh fl esh, signifi cant differences were found between the farms in GSM level and fat content. In the fi sh fl esh the same tendency was found as in the sediments, but surprisingly, MIB concentration was higher in the fi llets, referring to accumulation.
Short CommunicationComparative studies on the effect of vitamin C feeding of European catfish (Silurus gkznis L.) and sturgeon hybrid (Acipenser ruthenus L. x Acipenser baeri L.)
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