Host immunity (innate and adaptive immunity) plays essential roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory upper airway diseases, including allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Recently, the discovery of novel innate immune cells, particularly innate lymphoid cells, has renewed our view on the role of innate immunity in inflammatory upper airway diseases. Meanwhile, the identification of new subsets of T helper (Th) cells, including Th22, Th9 and follicular Th cells, and regulatory B cells in the adaptive immunity, has broadened our knowledge on the complex immune networks in inflammatory upper airway diseases. In this review, we focus on these newly identified innate and adaptive lymphocytes with their contributions to the immunological disturbance in allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. We further discuss the perspective for future research and potential clinical utility of regulating these novel lymphocytes for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis.
The cover image, by Y. Liu et al., is based on the Review Novel innate and
adaptive lymphocytes: The new players in the pathogenesis of infl ammatory upper airway diseases, DOI: .
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.