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An ultrasonic irradiation was applied for the impregnation by chemical agents in the chemical activation process of new type of active carbon precursor. Plane tree seed, due to the unique fibrous structure and low cost is a promising eco-friendly raw material for the preparation of activated carbon materials. Ultrasonic irradiation was used for the impregnation step allowing the chemical activation by different agents: potassium or sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and pyrogallol. The porous structures were examined by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K and electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry. The textures of these materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The application of ultrasonic irradiation in the impregnation step increased surface area of the final material more than two times in comparison to the material which impregnation in the activation process was by conventional stirring. Ultrasonic irradiation enhances the chemical activation process and the activated carbon fibrous materials with nanoporous structure were obtained by impregnation of seeds with alkaline hydroxides. Total surface areas of these samples were 976 m(2) g(-1) and 1130 m(2) g(-1). These fibers have total specific capacitance as high as 125 F g(-1) and 53 F g(-1) which major fraction in both cases originate from internal micropores structure.

Three different forms of Ag/TiO 2 composite layers, which have whisker-, dot-and island-like distribution of silver were obtained on a mechanically polished titanium surface by adjusting the conditions of silver deposition from an aqueous AgNO 3 solution. The deposit morphology was the result of both the program of electrode polarization and the template action of the simultaneously formed TiO 2 layer. The catalytic activity of the composite layers toward the oxygen reduction reaction was studied in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solutions and found to be a function of both the surface loading of silver and the type of silver distribution within the Ag/TiO 2 composite layers. The reaction path of oxygen reduction on the composite layers was found to be always a 4e -one, characteristic otherwise of polycrystalline silver electrodes.