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The low contact stress patellofemoral replacement consists of a trochlear component and a modular patellar component which has a metal-backed mobile polyethylene bearing. We present the early results of the use of this prosthesis for established isolated patellofemoral arthritis in 51 consecutive patellofemoral replacements in 35 patients. The mean follow-up was 25 months (5 to 60). The estimated survival rate at three years was 63% (95% confidence interval 47 to 80) with revision as the endpoint and 46% (95% confidence interval 30 to 63) with revision and ongoing moderate or severe pain as the endpoint. The early results of the use of the low contact stress patellofemoral replacement are disappointing with a high rate of revision. We cannot therefore recommend its use.

In the sagittal plane, the distal femoral condyles can be modeled using anterior and posterior circle segments. The aim of this study was to investigate how the radii of these segments vary with subject height. The MRI scans of 20 male and 20 female knees were analyzed with a computer to extract the radii of each condyle segment. These radii were then correlated with the patient's height. The anteromedial radii ranged from 22.6 to 32.6 mm. The posteromedial radii ranged from 15.4 to 26.3 mm. The anterolateral radii ranged from 19.7 to 30.4 mm. The posterolateral radii ranged from 15.2 to 23.6 mm. The radii had a strong correlation with patient height, with some differences between sexes. Linear regressions of the data yielded equations for estimating condyle radii from height. These radii estimations can be helpful in the clinical assessment of knee movement and treatment outcome.

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Abstracts / Injury Extra 42 (2011) 95-169 Results: Of the total 901 T + O procedures, 208 were soft tissue procedures or metalwork removals not requiring imaging. Of the remaining 693 "bony work" procedures, 500 were upper limb, 152 were lower limb and 37 were spinal cases. It was assessed that 536 (77%) of these had "unnecessary" post-operative X-ray examinations, with the vast majority (89%) being for upper limb cases. These corresponded with effective doses of radiation ranging from 0.21-0.92 Sv.Conclusions: With appropriate equipment for recording intraoperative images there could be a significant (77%) reduction in post-operative X-ray examinations for T + O patients undergoing surgery at RBHSC. A change of equipment and image storing capacity could result in a significant ease of the burden on the Radiology Department as well as decreasing radiation exposure for our patients.

Aims This paper details the impact of COVID-19 on foot and ankle activity in the UK. It describes regional variations and COVID-19 infection rate in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery before, during and after the first national lock-down. Patients & methods This was a multicentre, retrospective, UK-based, national audit on foot and ankle patients who underwent surgery between 13 th January and 31 st July 2020. Data was examined pre- UK national lockdown, during lockdown (23 rd March to 11 th May 2020) and post-lockdown. All adult patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery in an operating theatre during the study period included from 43 participating centres in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Regional, demographic and COVID-19 related data were captured. Results 6644 patients were included. In total 0.53% of operated patients contracted COVID-19 (n = 35). The rate of COVID-19 infection was highest during lockdown (2.11%, n = 16) and lowest after lockdown (0.16%, n = 3). Overall mean activity during lockdown was 24.44% of pre-lockdown activity with decreases in trauma, diabetic and elective foot and ankle surgery; the change in elective surgery was most marked with only 1.73% activity during lock down and 10.72% activity post lockdown as compared to pre-lockdown. There was marked regional variation in numbers of cases performed, but the proportion of decrease in cases during and after lockdown was comparable between all regions. There was also a significant difference between rates of COVID-19 and timing of peak, cumulative COVID-19 infections between regions with the highest rate noted in South East England (3.21%). The overall national peak infection rate was 1.37%, occurring during the final week of lockdown. General anaesthetic remained the most common method of anaesthesia for foot and ankle surgery, although a significant increase in regional anaesthesia was witnessed in the lock-down and post-lockdown periods. Conclusions National surgical activity reduced significantly for all cases across the country during lockdown with only a slow subsequent increase in elective activity. The COVID-19 infection rate and peaks differed significantly across the country. Clinical relevance This paper highlights a significant regional variation in COVID-19 infection rates and peak of COVID-19 infections across the country; this data may be useful in planning response to subsequent waves. The cumulative COVID-19 infection rates suggest that the risk of contracting COVID-19 in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery is not insignificant. The marked decrease in, and slow recovery of elective activity seen will need to be considered when planning restoration of elective foot and ankle services.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a common medical disorder in pregnancy, complicating one in ten pregnancies. There is a documented association of untreated hypertension during pregnancy and adverse fetomaternal outcomes. Options for oral antihypertensive include methyldopa, nifedipine and lately labetalol. With multiple oral anti-hypertensives being introduced, it is important to test and compare the efficacy of these drugs. OBJECTIVES:to compare the efficacy of oral nifedipine with oral labetalol in the management of patients with hypertension during pregnancy METHOD: Total 62 patients with a diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy were included and randomly divided into two groups using lottery method i.e. Group-A: Oral Labetalol (200–1800 mg/d) and Group-B: Oral Nifedipine (20–80 mg/day) for blood monitoring on daily basis. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS v26.0. Independent sample t-test and chi square test were applied to compare the quantitative and qualitative variables. RESULTS: Mean ages of the patients into group-A was 24.19 ± 2.926 years and 23.32 ± 2.688 years of patients in group-B. Mean gestational age of patients in group-A was 29.58 ± 3.529 weeks and 29.39 ± 3.442 weeks of patients in group-B. In group-A (Oral Labetalol), successful control of hypertension at least one of regular usage was noted in 31(100.0%) patients and 31(100.0%) patients in group-B, while proteinuria was noted in 2(6.5%) patients and 6(19.4%) patients in group-B CONCLUSION: Both oral Labetalol as well as Nifedipine controls mean blood pressures in the pregnant woman having hypertension. This research is providing supports for large definitive trials scrutinizing benefit and the side effect of the firstlined antihypertensive treatments. The research has been conducted after the approval through the IRB committee of KEMU/ Lady Aitchison hospital with the registration number 15322/REG/KEMU/2022 dated 04/11/22

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