L'objet de I'article est de dresser un panorama des differentes tendances qui structurent Ie domaine des recherches Europeennes et Nord Amtricaines sur le sentiment d'instcuritt. Trois orientations principales permettent de caracteriser les recherches. L a premitre est centrte sur I'effet des facteurs environnementaux susceptibles d'agir sur le sentiment d'ins6curit6. La deuxieme a pour objectif de mettre en evidence et d'expliquer les reactions differentes des sujets devant la pew. Dans le troisi&me courant de recherches I'accent est mis sur I'analyse des processus qui favorisent I'emergence et I'extension du sentiment d'instcuritt. Le choix de ces differentes orientations qui ne sont pas tgalement reprtsenttcs dans chaque pays depend en grande partie du contexte scientifique danq lequel les recherches se sont dtveloppt.The purpose of this paper is to draw a panorama of principal trends which have sustained American and European research about the fear of crime. Three principal orientations characterise the research. In the first trend interest is focussed on the effects of environmental factors on the fear of crime. The second trend emphasises the differences between subjects and assesses the effects of different variables capable of explaining different individual reactions to fear. In the last trend emphasis is placed on the mechanisms which promote the emergence and growth of the fear of crime. The different research orientations are not present at the same level in each country and are often linked to a dominating scientific context. Zauberman, R. (1982). La pew du crime et la recherche. L'&e Sociologique, 32, 415-ogy, 47,665-669. Academic Press. nationale de I'dclairage. 21st session, Venice. crime in three Americun cities. Beverly Hills: Sage. Beverly Hills: Sage. hypothesis. Journal of Family Violence, 3,29-38. Criminology, 22. 3,2946. 438.

This article starts from the hypothesis that the arrangement of a specific domestic environment such as the living room has an internally coherent and organized character and that the different modes of implementing it can be interpreted as implicit, culture-specific rules that people apply to satisfy a set of environmental needs. In particular, differences and similarities between two different national contexts (France and Italy) are discussed in relation to the need to ensure, by means of living room arrangement, a certain degree of aesthetic enjoyment by the inhabitants and a suitable setting for interpersonal relationships.

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Different studies of magnetic compounds, by means of X-ray topographic investigation (Fe-Si (l), garnets (2, 3)) have shownthat these methods may reveal the domain walls (excepting 180 walls). The contrast observed is due to the magnetostriction of the material. 0We have studied a (110) section of Tb Fe 0 cut from a crystal grown by the 3 5 12 flux method. This garnet was chosen because its magnetostriction is higher than that of the other compounds of that family (2 = 12x10 at room temperature), and highly affected by temperature variations (4). After mechanical polishing, the sample was etched to remove surface stresses. At this point its thickness was about 300 pm. The pd attenuation factor, for the A g K y radiation used for the X-ray topographs, was 4 . 5 . In order to confirm the topographic observation, optical micrographs were taken of the sample, under polarised IR light, because garnets a r e transparent in the near infra-red.-6 111The X-ray topographs (Lang's method) show that the crystal i s divided into two parts (Fig. 1): the zone A , situated in the centre of the plate, is of high crystalline perfection. The only defects revealed a r e a few dislocations and inclusions. The zone B , near the edges, contains growth bands, due to segregation of impurities, which disturb the crystalline arrangement. The reflections used (Fig. 2) show three types of contrasts on the topographs. A good correlation can be noticed between X-ray diffraction images (Fig. 1) and those observed under IR polarised light (Fig. 3). However, it should be pointed out that no particular care has been taken to protect the sample against magnetic o r thermic perturbation, and that the 1 physica (a)

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