Introduction: Due to the greater susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) contamination, healthcare workers need special attention, because they are exposed to an occupational risk. However, previous studies verified that not all of the healthcare workers had full hepatitis B vaccination, as established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Objectives: To analyze the associated factors related to full hepatitis B vaccination and to evaluate the serological response post vaccination among healthcare workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study developed in Santo Antônio de Jesus, in Bahia, whose sample was formed by 453 healthcare workers of Primary Health Care and Medium Complexity Health Care. Results: The prevalence of full hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers was 56.9%. At the final analysis model, the associated variables related to prevalence of full hepatitis B vaccination were: to work at the Primary Healthcare (PR = 1.31; CI 95% 1.04 -1.65) and to prepare or to apply medicine (PR = 3.53; CI 95% 2.17 -5.74). Of those who reported receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, 88.4% underwent testing for antibodies circulating in the blood, and about 72.0% were immune to hepatitis B virus. Conclusions: The knowledge provided by the routine at the Primary Health Care and the recognition of occupational risk were associated with better adherence to the hepatitis B vaccine among health workers. Almost a third of the workers who received the three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine were not immunized, reinforcing the need for an Anti-HBs test.
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