Summary
The highly reversible zinc-bromine redox couple has been successfully applied in the zinc-bromine flow batteries; however, non-electroactive pump/pipe/reservoir parts and ion-selective membranes are essential to suppress the bromine diffusion. This work demonstrates a zinc-bromine static (non-flow) battery without these auxiliary parts and utilizing glass fiber separator, which overcomes the high self-discharge rate and low energy efficiency while the advantages of the zinc-bromine chemistry are well preserved. It is achieved by a multifunctional additive, tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr), which not only mitigates the bromine cross-diffusion by regulating the fluidic bromine to a condensed solid phase but also provides a favorable interface for zinc electrodeposition toward non-dendritic growth. The proposed zinc-bromine static battery demonstrates a high specific energy of 142 Wh kg
−1
with a high energy efficiency up to 94%. By optimizing the porous electrode architecture, the battery shows an ultra-stable cycling life for over 11,000 cycles with controlled self-discharge rate.
The reversible storage of Zn2+ ions in Prussian blue analogues with typical aqueous solution was challenged by fast degradation and poor coulombic efficiency, while the mechanism is yet to be uncovered. This study correlates the performance of the nickel hexacyanoferrate to the dynamics of H2O in the electrolyte and the associated phase stability of the electrode. It demonstrates severe Ni dissolution in conventional diluted aqueous electrolyte (1 m ZnSO4 or 1 m Zn(TFSI)2), leading to structure collapse with the formation of an electrochemical inert phase. This is regarded as the descriptor for the fast decay of nickel hexacyanoferrate in diluted aqueous electrolyte. However, a well‐preserved open framework for zinc storage was obtained in concentrated aqueous electrolyte (1 m Zn(TFSI)2 + 21 m LiTFSI)—the H2O activity is highly suppressed by extensive coordination—thus, reversible capacity of 60.2 mAh g−1 over 1600 cycles could be delivered.
Ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) exhibit broader absorption band, greater poternial in micro-morphology regulation, energy level tuning, and other advantages compared with binary PSCs and is a facile and efficient...
For the optimized TEG, heat collection with a copper film at the skin end and a copper foam heat sink at the air end were installed to improve the power generation performance of the TEG. When the wearer is running outdoors, the power density is 138.46 μW cm−2.
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