Compared with real-time control, global optimization has a great advantage to improve the fuel economy due to considering the whole drive condition in advance. However, on-board controller doesn't support the global optimization with a large amount of calculation. Remote data communicating technology provides a platform to make global optimization applied to on-board control at a pre-known driving cycle. In this paper, a route-based optimal control strategy for the real-time energy management of parallel hybrid electric vehicles is developed. The proposed control strategy employs computers to optimize the power-split and engine stop-start control based on the minimum principle at a predicted driving cycle. Guiding controller provides real-time control with CAN bus communication. The experiment results prove the proposed strategy has a 10% fuel economy improvement than rule-based control strategy.
Maximizing the carbon reduction in substations with minimum cost investments can be achieved by taking advantage of the potential of substations in terms of the envelope and renewable energy, which is significant in promoting carbon reduction in substations. Therefore, firstly, the relationship between building cost–energy consumption–carbon emissions is explored, and then the global optimal calculation model of substation envelope–renewable energy is established, with the lowest life-cycle carbon emission of the substation as the optimization goal. Finally, the validity of the model is verified based on a case study of a typical 110 kV outdoor substation. The model calculation results show that, without considering the cost constraint, Harbin has the highest maximum carbon reduction of 180,350 kg, which is 25.15% and 13.74% higher than the maximum carbon reduction in Shanghai and Haikou, respectively. Furthermore, based on the comparison of the cost and benefits of each carbon reduction technology, a prioritization of various carbon reduction technologies is given for each climate zone. The model established in this paper can provide the optimal configuration of substation carbon reduction technologies with different incremental cost constraints, and provide a reference for the low-carbon design of substations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.