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While increasing productivity and economic growth, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) may ultimately require millions of people around the world to change careers or improve their skills. These disruptive effects contribute to the general public anxiety toward AI development. Despite the rising levels of AI anxiety (AIA) in recent decades, no AI anxiety scale (AIAS) has been developed. Given the limited utility of existing self-report instruments in measuring AIA, the aim of this paper is to develop a standardized tool to measure this phenomenon. Specifically, this paper introduces and defines the construct of AIA, develops a generic AIAS, and discusses the theoretical and practical applications of the instrument. The procedures used to conceptualize the survey, create the measurement items, collect data, and validate the multi-item scale are described. By analyzing data obtained from a sample of 301 respondents, the reliability, criterionrelated validity, content validity, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and nomological validity of the constructs and relationships are fully examined. Overall, this empirically validated instrument advances scholarly knowledge regarding AIA and its associated behaviors.

Caregiver mental health is widely considered to be an important factor influencing children's asthma symptoms. The present study aimed to examine key factors that contribute to caregiver mental health in pediatric asthma with a Chinese sample. Two hundred participants reported their family socioeconomic status (SES), proneness to shame, asthma symptoms control of their child, family functioning, and their depression and anxiety symptoms. Results suggested that low family SES, low family functioning, and a high level of shame proneness were associated with high levels of anxiety and depression for caregivers. Family functioning mediated the effects of SES and shame on caregiver mental health and also moderated the effects of SES and shame on caregiver depression. This study highlights the importance of reducing experience of shame and enhancing family functioning in families affected by pediatric asthma.

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