ObjectiveA whole genome association study was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with additive and dominant effects for growth and carcass traits in Korean native cattle, Hanwoo.MethodsThe data set comprised 61 sires and their 486 Hanwoo steers that were born between spring of 2005 and fall of 2007. The steers were genotyped with the 35,968 SNPs that were embedded in the Illumina bovine SNP 50K beadchip and six growth and carcass quality traits were measured for the steers. A series of lack-of-fit tests between the models was applied to classify gene expression pattern as additive or dominant.ResultsA total of 18 (0), 15 (3), 12 (8), 15 (18), 11 (7), and 21 (1) SNPs were detected at the 5% chromosome (genome) - wise level for weaning weight (WWT), yearling weight (YWT), carcass weight (CWT), backfat thickness (BFT), longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and marbling score, respectively. Among the significant 129 SNPs, 56 SNPs had additive effects, 20 SNPs dominance effects, and 53 SNPs both additive and dominance effects, suggesting that dominance inheritance mode be considered in genetic improvement for growth and carcass quality in Hanwoo. The significant SNPs were located at 33 quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions on 18 Bos Taurus chromosomes (i.e. BTA 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, and 29) were detected. There is strong evidence that BTA14 is the key chromosome affecting CWT. Also, BTA20 is the key chromosome for almost all traits measured (WWT, YWT, LMA).ConclusionThe application of various additive and dominance SNP models enabled better characterization of SNP inheritance mode for growth and carcass quality traits in Hanwoo, and many of the detected SNPs or QTL had dominance effects, suggesting that dominance be considered for the whole-genome SNPs data and implementation of successive molecular breeding schemes in Hanwoo.

DRDoS (Distributed Reflection Denial of Service) attack is a kind of DoS (Denial of Service) attack, in which thirdparty servers are tricked into sending large amounts of data to the victims. That is, attackers use source address IP spoofing to hide their identity and cause third-parties to send data to the victims as identified by the source address field of the IP packet. This is called reflection because the servers of benign services are tricked into "reflecting" attack traffic to the victims. The most typical existing detection methods of such attacks are designed based on known attacks by protocol and are difficult to detect the unknown ones. According to our investigations, one protocolindependent detection method has been existing, which is based on the assumption that a strong linear relationship exists among the abnormal flows from the reflector to the victim. Moreover, the method is assumed that the all packets from reflectors are attack packets when attacked, which is clearly not reasonable. In this study, we found five features are effective for detecting DRDoS attacks, and we proposed a method to detect DRDoS attacks using these features and machine learning algorithms. Its detection performance is experimentally examined and the experimental result indicates that our proposal is of clearly better detection performance.

This study applies the game theory to the discussion and analysis of trans-regional Telemedicine System, builds the game model of the selection strategies of trans-regional hospitals and patients and analyzes evolving paths, equilibrium states and influencing factors of the three parties. It is derived that medical insurance reimbursement proportion of specialized hospitals, government support for general hospitals and medical expenses in specialized hospitals, operating costs of general hospitals are the influential factors in the Telemedicine System. Finally, a numerical stimulation is conducted with Matlapb based on the data from China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook 2015.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are important in modern war, and object detection performance influences the development of related intelligent drone application. At present, the target categories of UAV detection tasks are diversified. However, the lack of training samples of novel categories will have a bad impact on the task. At the same time, many state-of-the-arts are not suitable for drone images due to the particularity of perspective and large number of small targets. In this paper, we design a fast few-shot detector for drone targets. It adopts the idea of anchor-free in fully convolutional one-stage object detection (FCOS), which leads to a more reasonable definition of positive and negative samples and faster speed, and introduces Siamese framework with more discriminative target model and attention mechanism to integrate similarity measures, which enables our model to match the objects of the same categories and distinguish the different class objects and background. We propose a matching score map to utilize the similarity information of attention feature map. Finally, through soft-NMS, the predicted detection bounding boxes for support category objects are generated. We construct a DAN dataset as a collection of DOTA and NWPU VHR-10. Compared with many state-of-the-arts on the DAN dataset, our model is proved to outperform them for few-shot detection tasks of drone images.

Group decision-making is an effective method to deal with complex unstructured problem in uncertain environment, and it has been widely used in many fields such as medical decision-making. This is a novel study that considers the decision-makers as different groups in the group decision-making problems in uncertain environment. This paper aims to present a novel method combined with evolutionary game for decision-making problem of knowledge sharing in uncertain environment between the large and the small groups in Telemedicine service. For this purpose, the evolutionary game model is constructed to solve decision-making problem of large-small group. Through analyzing the evolutionary path and balance, the influencing factors of the selection strategies and objective and subjective factors restricting the establishment of knowledge sharing between the large and small groups cloud be determined. Finally, a numerical simulation experiment is conducted with Matlab to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. In this study, the range of decision groups in the research of group decision-making problem has been expanded, and the complicated factors of knowledge sharing between hospitals in uncertain environment under the background of Telemedicine service have been discussed.

All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) exhibit huge potential applications in electrical energy storage systems due to their unique advantages, such as low costs, safety and high energy density. However, the issues facing solid-state electrolyte (SSE)/electrode interfaces, including lithium dendrite growth, poor interfacial capability and large interfacial resistance, seriously hinder their commercial development. Furthermore, an insufficient fundamental understanding of the interfacial roles during cycling is also a significant challenge for designing and constructing high-performance ASSLSBs. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the origin and issues of SSE/electrode interfaces, summarizes various strategies for resolving these interfacial issues and highlights advanced analytical characterization techniques to effectively investigate the interfacial properties of these systems. Future possible research directions for developing high-performance ASSLSBs are also suggested. Overall, advanced in-situ characterization techniques, intelligent interfacial engineering and a deeper understanding of the interfacial properties will aid the realization of high-performance ASSLSBs.

Licorice, a herbal product derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza species, has been used as a sweetening agent and traditional herbal medicine for hundreds of years. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are the most important active ingredients in licorice. Both GL and GA have pharmacological effects against tumors, inflammation, viral infection, liver diseases, neurological diseases, and metabolic diseases. However, they also exhibit differences. KEGG analysis indicated that licorice is involved in neuroactive ligand‒receptor interactions, while 18β-GA is mostly involved in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. In this article, we comprehensively review the therapeutic potential of GL and GA by focusing on their pharmacological effects and working mechanisms. We systemically examine the structure-activity relationship of GL, GA and their isomers. Based on the various pharmacological activities of GL, GA and their isomers, we propose further development of structural derivatives of GA after chemical structure modification, with less cytotoxicity but higher targeting specificity. More research is needed on the clinical applications of licorice and its active ingredients.

Many decision problems in reality are made by consensus decision of the large group and the small group. This paper aims to apply the consensus model and method to group decision-making problems between a large and small group. For this purpose, the authors solve the group decision-making problems by considering a group decision as the common decision of the large and small groups and then construct the consensus model combined with the TOPSIS theory. First, the reasonable comprehensive evaluation for schemes that reach a consensus between the large and small group can be determined through the comprehensive consideration of the evaluation of the scheme by the large group and the small group. Then, the consensus measurement to the sequences of the large group and the small group is built with the aim to minimize the deviation of the sequence of the total group consisting of the large and small group. Furthermore, the corresponding adjustment rules are given based on recognizing the strategic behavior of the large group and the small group in different situations. Finally, an example of teaching management problem is given to demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method.INDEX TERMS Group decision making, consensus model, the large group, the small group, TOPSIS.