No abstract

No abstract

Highlights In vivo skin thermophysical property testing sensor without damage to the skin. Finite element analysis to extract thermal conductivity information of skin layers. Skin thermal conductivity information is highly correlated with skin health.

No abstract

Objective:To comprehensively review and report the outcomes of ankle syndesmotic injury management in elite athletes.Data sources:Three databases were searched for articles reporting the rate of return to sport following treatment of ankle syndesmotic injuries in elite athletes (collegiate or professional level). Ten articles and 440 athletes were included. Articles reporting the rate of return to sport following high ankle sprain injury in elite athletes. Data collected included demographics, type of treatment received, and return to sport (RTS) information. A random effects model was used.Main results:The estimated overall rate of RTS was 99% (95% CI, 95.5-99.9). The mean time to RTS was 38 ± 18 (range, 14-137) days. Of the 440 athletes, 269 (269/440%, 61%) were treated nonoperatively (nonoperative group); the rate of RTS was 99.6%, and the athletes returned at a mean time of 29 ± 14 (range, 13-45) days. A total of 171 athletes (171 of 440%, 39%) underwent surgical treatment (operative group). All (171 of 171%, 100%) athletes returned at a mean time of 50.3 ± 13 (range, 41-137) days. Almost all athletes who underwent surgery had suture button fixation (164 of 171 athletes, 96%), and the mean time to RTS was 7 weeks with 9.1% complication rate.Conclusions:Elite athletes with ankle syndesmosis injury return to sport at an extremely high rates, following operative or nonoperative treatment. Return to the preinjury level of competition should be expected at 4 weeks and 7 weeks in high-level athletes who undergo nonoperative and operative management, respectively. Suture button fixation was used by the majority of studies reporting surgical management of ankle syndesmosis injuries in athletes.

No abstract

Porous polyimide fiber enjoys a good reputation as a high temperature resistant thermal insulation material in an aircraft-carrier, a spacecraft, and other military sophisticated products. Understanding its thermal conductivity is especially important for the design optimization and thermal management in these applications. In this study, a modified wire-shape 3ω method is developed to measure the thermal conductivity of individual porous polyimide fibers, utilizing a platinum layer heater/thermometer deposited along the circumferential direction of the fiber. The new method is first validated using a platinum wire with known thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity at room temperature and then applied to porous polyimide fibers with diverse porosities. The thermal conductivity of porous polyimide fibers at room temperature is 0.06–0.15 W m−1 K−1, which reflects a good thermal insulation performance.

A new freestanding sensor-based 3ω technique is presented here, which remarkably expands the application of traditional 3ω technology to anisotropic materials. The freestanding flexible sensor was fabricated using the mature flexible printed circuit production technique, which is non-destructive to the samples and applicable to porous surfaces. The thermal conductivities of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal along the (100), (010) and (001) crystallographic planes were measured based on this new sensor at room temperature. We found that the freestanding flexible sensor has considerable application value for thermal properties’ characterization for crystals with anisotropic thermophysical properties and other structures for which the traditional 3ω technique is not applicable.