A novel semiconducting 2D material based on monolayer and bilayer SnP3 is proposed using first-principles calculations.
Almost 15 years have gone ever since the discovery of graphene as a single atom layer. Numerous papers have been published to demonstrate its high electron mobility, excellent thermal and mechanical as well as optical properties. We have recently seen more and more applications towards using graphene in commercial products. This paper is an attempt to review and summarize the current status of the research of the thermal properties of graphene and other 2D based materials including the manufacturing and characterization techniques and their applications, especially in electronics and power modules. It is obvious from the review that graphene has penetrated the market and gets more and more applications in commercial electronics thermal management context. In the paper, we also made a critical analysis of how mature the manufacturing processes are; what are the accuracies and challenges with the various characterization techniques and what are the remaining questions and issues left before we see further more applications in this exciting and fascinating field.
The high thermal conductivity of graphene and few-layer graphene undergoes severe degradations through contact with the substrate. Here we show experimentally that the thermal management of a micro heater is substantially improved by introducing alternative heat-escaping channels into a graphene-based film bonded to functionalized graphene oxide through amino-silane molecules. Using a resistance temperature probe for in situ monitoring we demonstrate that the hotspot temperature was lowered by ∼28 °C for a chip operating at 1,300 W cm−2. Thermal resistance probed by pulsed photothermal reflectance measurements demonstrated an improved thermal coupling due to functionalization on the graphene–graphene oxide interface. Three functionalization molecules manifest distinct interfacial thermal transport behaviour, corroborating our atomistic calculations in unveiling the role of molecular chain length and functional groups. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the functionalization constrains the cross-plane phonon scattering, which in turn enhances in-plane heat conduction of the bonded graphene film by recovering the long flexural phonon lifetime.
The typicality effect describes a phenomenon whereby a typical item is easier to be judged as a member of a category than are atypical items. This effect has been intensively studied in the context of category verification tasks. The present study further investigated the typicality effect using our newly developed category-based deductive reasoning task. Subjects were required to judge whether an incoming stimulus had the properties described in the premise presented before. The stimuli were either typical or atypical members of four target semantic categories or were non-target stimuli. According to the ERP results, three phases were needed to determine whether the object has the property associated with the category in the premise. First, significant amplitude differences were seen between typical and atypical items at N1, which suggested that attention processing was influenced by the expectation in this up-to-down (deductive) process. The premise automatically induced the expectation of the prototype of one concept, i.e. the expectation for the prototype of birds was induced when the premise was "Birds possess the property C". Typical items (e.g., sparrow) were more similar to the prototype; hence, they were easier to be matched with the prototype induced by the premise than were atypical items (e.g., ostrich). Additionally, there was a dissociation between typical and atypical items at P2, which suggested that the participants' early detection of an item's category membership was influenced by the typicality. Thirdly, N400 effect is related to the process of semantic processes and determining whether the object has the property associated with the category in the premise. N400 mean amplitudes during the 300-500 ms epoch were significantly greater for non-target members than for target members, while words of lower typicality (atypical) evoked greater N400 amplitudes during the 350-450 ms epoch than did words of higher typicality (typical).
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