Rechargeable
aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have captured a
surge of interest in recent years as a promising alternative for scalable
energy storage applications owing to the intrinsic safety, affordability,
environmental benignity, and impressive electrochemical performance.
Despite the facilitated development of this technology by many investigations,
however, its smooth implementation is still plagued by inadequate
energy density and undesirable life span, which calls for an efficient
and controllable cathode storage chemistry. Here, this review focuses
on the key bottlenecks by offering a comprehensive summary of representative
cathode materials and comparatively analyzing their structural features
and electrochemical properties. Then, we critically present several
feasible electrode design strategies to guide future research activities
from a fundamental perspective for high-energy-density and durable
cathode materials mainly in terms of interlayer regulation, defect
engineering, multiple redox reactions, activated two-electron reactions,
and electrochemical activation and conversion. Finally, we outline
the remaining challenges and future perspectives of developing high-performance
AZIBs.
Vanadium-based compounds with an open framework structure have become the subject of much recent investigation into aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to high specific capacity. However, there are some issues with vanadium dissolution from a cathode framework as well as the generation of byproducts during discharge that should not be ignored, which could cause severe capacity deterioration and inadequate cycle life. Herein, we report several barium vanadate nanobelt cathodes constructed of two sorts of architectures, i.e., Ba 1., which are controllably synthesized by tuning the amount of barium precursor. Benefiting from the robust architecture, layered Ba x V 3 O 8 -type nanobelts (Ba 1.2 V 6 O 16 •3H 2 O) exhibit superior rate capability and long-term cyclability owing to fast zinc-ion kinetics, enabled by efficiently suppressing cathode dissolution as well as greatly eliminating the generation of byproduct Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 •xH 2 O, which provides a reasonable strategy to engineer cathode materials with robust architectures to improve the electrochemical performance of AZIBs.
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries have shown great potential for grid-scale applications owing to their high safety, low cost and sustainability.
Direct posterolateral approach by dividing lateral border of soleus muscle, provides excellent fracture reduction under visualization and internal buttress plate fixation for posterior coronal fracture of the lateral tibial plateau. Good functional results and recovery can be expected.
In resin transfer molding processes, the edge effect caused by the nonuniformity of permeability between fiber preform and edge channel may disrupt resin flow patterns and often results in the incomplete wetting of fiber preform, the formation of dry spots, and other defects in final composite materials. So a numerical simulation algorithm is developed to analyze the complex mold-filling process with edge effect. The newly modified governing equations involving the effect of mold cavity thickness on flow patterns and the volume-averaging momentum equations containing viscous and inertia terms are adopted to describe the fluid flow in the edge area and in the fiber preform, respectively. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is applied to tracking the free interface between the two types of fluids, namely the resin and the air. Under constant pressure injection conditions, the effects of transverse permeability, edge channel width, and mold cavity thickness on flow patterns are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the transverse flow is not only affected by the transverse permeability and the edge channel width but also by the mold cavity thickness. The simulated results are in agreement with the experimental results.
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