Exposure to air pollution containing diesel exhaust particles (DEP) is associated with an increase in mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms by which DEP produces adverse cardiovascular effects at the cellular level are not elucidated. This study investigated the cytotoxic mechanisms underlying DEP-induced neonatal rat cardiac myocytes effects in vitro, focusing on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DEP extracts (DEPE) damaged cells in a concentration- and a time-dependent manner. Lactate dehydrogenase activity leaked to medium was also increased in a concentration-dependent manner after 24 h of DEPE exposure. DEPE-induced cytotoxicity was markedly reduced by treatment with superoxide dismutase, catalase, and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine. Furthermore, superoxide was produced from both DEPE and myocardial cells. These results suggest that ROS such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical are involved in DEPE-induced cardiac cell damage.

The light guide plate, as part of the backlight unit in a cellular phone or liquid crystal display, has evolved to meet market demands for low power consumption, high-luminance and high-quality displays. Along with the advance of the light guide plate, LEDs have undergone development as light source for light guide plates. Surpassing the limitations of LED emission in the visible light range, LEDs that emit UV light have been developed. In recent years, the UV light are used as a source of light of the air cleaner, and it is used as a source of light to activate the titanium oxide which is photocatalyst. But common UV light sources are either line or point light sources. We study surface illuminators that incorporate diffusers in the visible light range. Applying our existing technology, we constructed an unprecedented UV surface illuminator (surface light source) and measured it using a photocatalyst. The experiment results are presented in this report.

We have developed an rf sputtering with multipolar magnets around the target in the rf sputtering system of a magnetic Ni (200 mmq, 5 mm thick) target to deposit Ni thinˆlms. When permanent magnets, made of Nd Fe B material with a surface magnetic ‰ux density of 0.57 T, were placed around the Ni target outside the vacuum chamber, a magnetic ‰ux density measured at the position of 5 mm above the target surface was distributed in the range of 0～0.37 T.It is shown that the deposition rate signiˆcantly increases from 3.7 to 5.4 nm/min with values increased up to two times that of a conventional rf sputtering. It is also revealed that the discharge produced by an rf sputtering with external magnets can be sustained at a lower Ar gas pressure of down to 8.0×10 -1 Pa. . は じ め に

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