a b s t r a c tCurrently available life cycle assessment (LCA) tools provide only a rough estimation of the environmental impact of different manufacturing operations (e.g. energy consumption). To address this limitation, a web-based and application programming interface (API) based process analysis software tools were developed to estimate the energy consumption of a computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tool operation and to evaluate its environmental impact as a first step towards sustainable manufacturing analysis. Acceleration/deceleration of machine tool axes and the direction of axes movement were considered to estimate the total energy demand and processing time of the machine tool operation. Several tool path generation schemes were tested to analyze the energy consumption and resulting green house gas emission of CNC machine tool operation. It showed that tool path generation schemes affect the amount of energy and the processing time required to machine the same part, and location of the machining resulted in different amount and characteristics of green house gas emission.
Given a triangular mesh defining the geometry of a 3D workpiece filled with water, we propose an algorithm to test whether, for an arbitrary given axis, the workpiece will be completely drained under gravity when rotated around the axis. Observing that all water traps contain a concave vertex, we solve our problem by constructing and analyzing a directed "draining graph" whose nodes correspond to concave vertices of the geometry and whose edges are set according to the transition of trapped water when we rotate the workpiece around the given axis. Our algorithm to check whether or not a given rotation axis drains the workpiece outputs a result in about a second for models with more than 100,000 triangles.
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