a b s t r a c tHybrid fuel cell gas turbine sensitivity to ambient perturbations is analyzed using experimental and dynamic simulation results. Experimental data gathered from the world's first pressurized hybrid SOFC-GT system tested at the University of California, Irvine, capture performance variations due to diurnal temperature oscillations. A dynamic modeling methodology demonstrates accuracy, robustness, and clearly identifies critical system sensitivities that require additional control systems development. Simulation results compare favorably with dynamic experimental responses. Predictions of component temperatures, pressures, voltage and system power exhibited 5• C, 2 kPa, 2 mV, and 0.5% error respectively. Moderate ambient temperature fluctuations, 15• C, caused variations in stack temperature of 30 • C, and system power of 5 kW. Small to moderate changes in fuel composition produced 30• C shifts in stack temperature and 25% changes in system power. Simple control loops manipulating fuel cell air flow through SOFC bypass and inlet temperature through recuperator bypass are shown to effectively mitigate internal temperature transients at the expense of reduced system output. The observed temperature fluctuations resulting from typical environmental perturbations are of concern for performance loss and diminished longevity. Experiments and dynamic simulation results indicate the importance of integrated control systems development for hybrid fuel cell gas turbine systems.
The installation of renewable energy sources in island grids is focused on as a large part of island power generation whose power fluctuations should be compensated. A desalination system is given consideration as a controllable load. This paper proposes a model for such a desalination system, then estimates the controllable ranges under various constraints and evaluates the capacity for power fluctuation suppression. The model calculates the pressure, flow rate, and power consumption. The parameters in the model are fitted using tests with an experimental system. Next, the controllable ranges for power consumption under constraints involving the membrane or other factors are simulated using both tests and the model. The controllable ranges with the valve opening fixed are estimated to be 27% to 43% of the rated power. Finally, in order to evaluate transient response, step and ramp response tests and photovoltaic (PV) output suppression tests are performed. Most of the fluctuations in PV output are suppressed when PV output is within the controllable range. C⃝ 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 201(2): 3-16, 2017; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).
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