Benchmarking can be defined as the identification and application of organization specific best practices with the goal of improving competitiveness, performance and efficiency.In this study, irrigation schemes of the State Hydraulic Works (DS _ I I) 10th Region were taken as material for benchmarking irrigation performance for the years between 1996 and 2000. Each system's performance is assessed using a number of indicators proposed by the IPTRID/World Bank study on benchmarking in the irrigation and drainage sector, and benchmark values for performance identified. Whilst further work is required, it is considered that this study provides a valuable starting point for benchmarking performance of irrigation systems in Turkey. This is seen as timely given the increasing demands being placed on the available water resources in the country.
Otel işletmelerinin yoğun rekabet ortamında faaliyet göstermesi ve hızla değişen dış çevre koşulları örgütlerin rekabetçi yeteneklerini artırmaları için öğrenen örgüte dönüşümlerini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dört ve beş yıldızlı otel işletmeleri çalışanlarının öğrenen örgüt algılarını belirlemektir. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla İstanbul'da faaliyet gösteren dört ve beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde 172 çalışana anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde T testi, Anova testi, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ve LSD testlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, İstanbul'da faaliyet gösteren dört ve beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinin öğrenen örgüt aşamasında olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The use of spectral vegetation indexes requires an experimental background. In this study field trials were conducted during 2004 and 2005 on sugar beet. Seven different irrigation treatments were applied. During the experiments soil water status, spectral reflectance, leaf area, plant dry weight and yield were observed and recorded. Water and yield relationships were determined and water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated. The relationships between spectral vegetation indexes and agronomic parameters were determined. According to the results, excessive irrigation does not increase yield and when nearly 500 mm water is used, maximum WUE is 7.2 kg m À3 . The highest determination coefficients were calculated between LAI and simple ratio (SR, R 2 ¼ 0.59), sugar beet yield and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI, R 2 ¼ 0.91). Consequently, spectral indexes, which can be calculated from data obtained through either handheld spectroradiometers or satellites, could prove useful tools for agricultural monitoring and management. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. . Les coefficients de corrélation maximum ont été calculés entre la surface foliaire et le ratio simple (SR, R 2 ¼ 0.59), le rendement de la betterave à sucre et l'indice de végétation ajusté au sol (SAVI, R 2 ¼ 0.91). Par conséquent l'indice spectral qui peut être calculé à partir de données obtenues soit par spectro-radiomètre de poche ou par satellite, pourrait se révéler un outil utile pour le suivi et la gestion agricole.
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