Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a nontraditional production method that has been widely used in the production of dies throughout the world in recent years. The most important performance measure in EDM is the surface roughness; among other measures material removal and tool wear rates could be listed. In this study, experiments were performed to determine parameters effecting surface roughness. The data obtained for performance measures have been analyzed using the design of experiments methods. A considerably profound equation is obtained for the surface roughness using power, pulse time, and spark time parameters. The results are discussed.
Çokkültürlü eğitimde önemli görülen insan haklarına saygılı olma, farklılıklara hoşgörü ile yaklaşma gibi becerileri okul ortamında öğrencilere kazandıracak en önemli ders sosyal bilgilerdir. Sosyal bilgiler, sosyal ve beşerî bilimlerin vatandaşlık yeterliliklerini geliştirmek amacıyla kaynaştırıldığı bir derstir. Bu araştırmada, farklı felsefelere dayanan 1998 ve 2004 sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programlarının çokkültürlülük olgusuna yer verme durumunun karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği kullanarak yapılan çalışmada veri kaynağı 1998 ve 2004 sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programlarıdır. Elde edilen veriler nitel içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda 1998 ve 2004 sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programlarının genel amaçlar, açıklamalar ve amaçlarında/kazanımlarında çokkültürlülük olgusuna yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Çokkültürlülük vurgusunun 1998 programına kıyasla 2004 programında daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür.
This study aimed to analyse reports prepared by American education specialists visiting Turkey from the Proclamation of the Republic till the end of the 1950s to inspect Turkeys education system. In accordance with this purpose, first, the foreign specialists reports are briefly introduced chronologically and then American specialist reports are analysed. This study examined reports prepared by J. Dewey (1924), Beryl Parker (1934), the committee under the presidency of E. Walter Kemmerer (1933-1934), W. Dickerman (1951), John Rufi (1951), R. J. Maaske (1953), and M. Costat (1955). These seven reports were selected for analysis as they were published by the Ministry of National Education. Since the main source of data for the study was the reports of American specialists, document analysis - a qualitative research method - was employed. It is important to check the originality of the written sources acquired for document analysis. As the Ministry published all the reports as a book, they qualify as original, first-hand sources. Secondary data sources were reviews or explanatory studies on Turkeys education history and foreign specialist reports. The study ascertained that the reports prepared by American specialists largely corresponded; the observations and recommendations in the reports essentially focused on the same issues. Based on these similarities, it can be inferred that all the specialists stayed informed of each other and correctly identified the problems in the Turkish education system.
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