Abstract
In this study was aimed to conduct a screening study for examining the relationship between demographic factors such as gender and socio-economic level with psychological disorders seen in adolescents. Psychological Disorders Inventory for Adolescents (PDIA) developed by the researcher on the basis of DSM-5 and based on a self-report scale was used as data collection tool. 1953 students whose were 920 boys (47.1%) and were 1033 girls (52.9%) participated in this study. This study were made in Istanbul, in 4 private schools and 10 state schools. Since our research objective is to examine whether it was differentiated according to socio-economic level and gender of psychological disorders seen in adolescents, cluster sampling method was selected as the sample type and İstanbul was divided into to clusters according to the socio-economic level variable. It applied independent-samples t test and one-way ANOVA to obtained data.Finally, in this study was identified that some psychological disorders showed significant differences in terms of gender, and also some psychological disorders could be explained significantly by the income level.
Keywords: Inventory of Psychological Disorders For Adolescences (PDIA), DSM 5, psychological disorders, gender and socio-economic level.
Objective
The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between personality disorders (PDs) and early maladaptive schemas, to determine the early maladaptive schemas that predict PDs, and to investigate the moderating role of gender in the relationship between PDs and early maladaptive schemas.
Methods
The sample consisted of 654 participants, 368 (56.4%) women and 286 (43.6%) men, aged 18–75 years, determined by the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Coolidge Axis II Inventory Plus Turkish Short Form and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3.
Results
From regression analysis, it was determined that each PD had a specific early maladaptive schema profile. According to the analysis, the schema that predicts the most for paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid, antisocial, borderline, obsessive-compulsive, and avoidant PDs is social isolation/mistrust; for histrionic and narcissistic PDs, the schema is approval seeking, and for dependent PD, it is failure. The analysis related to the moderating role of gender indicated that for women, the emotional deprivation schema is a risk factor for paranoid PD, and the schemas of self-sacrifice, punitiveness, and unrelenting standards are the risk factors for avoidant PD.
Conclusion
This study discovered that some early maladaptive schemas were predictors of PDs and that gender had a moderating role in the relationship between these variables. It is thought that paying attention to the moderating role of gender and considering the specific schema profiles of each PD will be beneficial for intervention programs for early maladaptive schemas and understanding the etiology of PDs.
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