The results of optimal power flow that can be directly applied into the system are the desire of every power system operator, especially in operating the competitive electric power system. But traditionally, optimization problem in the electric power does not involve generator capability curves so the results are very possible able to violate those curves. If the results of the optimization violate the constraints of the system, operators need to adj ust these results again until all constraints have been met. It should be noted that the workings to adjust those results are something very difficult to be done by the operators. This paper sought to involve the generator capability curves into the optimization problem on Interior Point Method with Predictor-Corrector and Reduction Technique. This is a perfect optimization method, so the results are more efficiently and effectively, and can directly be applied into system.Numerical example for the three buses show that the economic dispatch results has the lowest total cost but 4 constraints were violated. The optimization results without the generator capability curves do not cause problems to the network but the capability curve of generator 1 is violated. Both these results need to be adjusted again before they are applied into the system.While the optimization results with capability curves have met all the constraints and can be directly applied into the system.
Cost is the main factor to run a project. Projects of renewable hybrid power plants that typically built in rural area have limited development funds. Thus, these plants should be based on an effectiveness and efficiency in order to meet the load demands with a certain reliability index. This work explains minimum cost by optimizing the cost of the power plants, Nett Present Cost or NPC, with an Equivalent Loss Factor (ELF) index to supply typical villages needs (200 kW), with the source of wind, solar, micro hydro and fuel cell. The result of this optimization includes batteries are used as an energy storage, which are considered as a source in the optimization process. The simulation by PSO method is proposed to solve the optimization problems. The simulation produces the equation function between Cost of Energy, LCOE and a reliability ELF index by y =-0.016ln (x) + 0.0131. The lower ELF index the higher LCOE value, according to the equation function.
Distribution system planning (DSP) aims to ensure, that the electricity distribution can satisfy the demand in an optimum way. It has to provide the necessary economical, reliable, and secure electricity to consumer. Network solutions of DSP are the solutions that need adding and/or replacing some network asset. Traditional response is a large investment that creates large capacity. Therefore there may be unused capacity for period years. Thus, there is excess system capacity after the investment is made. In other hand, the alternative responses frequently install distributed generation in very small size. Original plan can be deferred by installing distributed generation. Investment using distributed generation is an option to defer the larger investment in distribution planning. Utility can use this option to face the uncertainty in demand projection. This paper proposes model for determining decision area of distributed generation investment as deferral option in industrial distribution system planning. It uses real option valuation to define the boundary by using the critical value. This study depicts the decision area by 'discount rate'-'electricity price on transmission' and 'discount rate'-'delaying time' boundary.
Abstrak
Kata kunci: kerangka kompetisi kelistrikan, implementasi, perhitungan-perhitungan listrik
Abstract
Technically, electricity business under competition structure is more complex than that of vertically integrated one. A competition framework has to be designed to implement bidding strategies with electrical calculations as quickly as possible (not more than 15 minets). This paper proposes a competition
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